1. Who introduced the concept of the Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) for texture analysis?
(A) Haralick
(B) Otsu
(C) Marr
(D) Gonzalez
2. What does GLCM primarily measure in an image?
(A) Frequency of intensity values
(B) Spatial relationships between pixels
(C) Color histogram
(D) Edges in different directions
3. Which parameter of GLCM indicates how uniform the texture is?
(A) Contrast
(B) Entropy
(C) Energy
(D) Correlation
4. In texture analysis, what does the LBP (Local Binary Pattern) operator compare?
(A) Mean of the image
(B) Gradient magnitude
(C) Center pixel with its neighbors
(D) Color intensity variation
5. Which of the following is not a typical GLCM feature?
(A) Homogeneity
(B) Sharpness
(C) Energy
(D) Entropy
6. Which operator transforms local texture into a binary pattern code?
(A) GLCM
(B) Sobel
(C) LBP
(D) Laplacian
7. Gabor filters are mainly used in texture analysis to capture:
(A) Noise
(B) Motion blur
(C) Spatial frequency and orientation
(D) Histogram equalization
8. What is the size of the standard neighborhood in basic LBP?
(A) 3×3
(B) 5×5
(C) 7×7
(D) 9×9
9. Which of the following features measures randomness in GLCM?
(A) Energy
(B) Correlation
(C) Entropy
(D) Contrast
10. In LBP, a uniform pattern is one that has how many transitions from 0 to 1 or 1 to 0?
(A) 0–1 transitions
(B) At most 2 transitions
(C) Always 8 transitions
(D) Unlimited transitions
11. Which method is rotation invariant in LBP variants?
(A) Basic LBP
(B) Uniform LBP
(C) Rotation-invariant LBP
(D) Extended LBP
12. What does the contrast feature in GLCM represent?
(A) Average pixel intensity
(B) Local binary transitions
(C) Amount of local variations
(D) Pixel frequency
13. Which frequency domain filter is commonly used in texture segmentation?
(A) Butterworth filter
(B) Gabor filter
(C) Median filter
(D) Homomorphic filter
14. GLCM is constructed by counting pixel pairs with specific:
(A) Colors and sizes
(B) Intensities and distances
(C) Shapes and positions
(D) Contrast levels
15. Which of the following is true for Gabor filters?
(A) Only used in color images
(B) Are Gaussian-modulated sinusoids
(C) Work only in time domain
(D) Eliminate low-frequency texture
16. LBP histograms are useful for:
(A) Color segmentation
(B) Frequency enhancement
(C) Texture classification
(D) Edge detection
17. How many binary codes can be formed in basic LBP 3×3 window?
(A) 16
(B) 64
(C) 128
(D) 256
18. Which direction is not typically used in constructing a GLCM?
(A) 0°
(B) 90°
(C) 135°
(D) 270°
19. Which LBP variant uses circular neighborhoods?
(A) Uniform LBP
(B) Extended LBP
(C) Local variance LBP
(D) Center-symmetric LBP
20. In GLCM, what does a high correlation value suggest?
(A) Random texture
(B) High contrast
(C) Linear dependency between pixel pairs
(D) Low entropy
21. The Gabor filter bank is a set of filters with varying:
(A) Brightness and hue
(B) Shape and intensity
(C) Orientation and frequency
(D) Scale and threshold
22. Which parameter in Gabor filters controls orientation?
(A) Sigma
(B) Theta
(C) Gamma
(D) Lambda
23. LBP texture features are robust to:
(A) Lighting variations
(B) Noise
(C) Scale changes
(D) Rotation
24. What does the entropy feature of GLCM quantify?
(A) Uniformity
(B) Linearity
(C) Complexity
(D) Brightness
25. What is the typical output of Gabor filtering?
(A) Smoothened image
(B) Binary mask
(C) Complex image representing magnitude and phase
(D) Distance transform
26. In LBP, the thresholding step compares neighboring pixels to:
(A) Global histogram
(B) Median value
(C) Center pixel value
(D) Average local value
27. What kind of texture does GLCM handle well?
(A) Random noise
(B) Periodic texture
(C) Directional patterns
(D) Smooth gradients
28. Which of the following is a drawback of basic LBP?
(A) Too complex
(B) Not invariant to rotation
(C) Cannot work on grayscale images
(D) Requires color features
29. Which filter is preferred for multi-resolution texture analysis?
(A) GLCM
(B) Gabor
(C) Laplacian
(D) Prewitt
30. Which GLCM feature gives average difference in gray levels?
(A) Homogeneity
(B) Contrast
(C) Dissimilarity
(D) Correlation
31. In LBP, what does a value of 0 represent in a neighbor?
(A) Equal or higher than center
(B) Noise
(C) Lower than center
(D) Edge pixel
32. Which method is best for capturing small-scale texture patterns?
(A) GLCM
(B) LBP
(C) Gabor filter
(D) Histogram equalization
33. In texture classification, GLCM features are typically used as:
(A) Filter kernels
(B) Color indicators
(C) Feature vectors
(D) Threshold masks
34. LBP is highly sensitive to:
(A) Histogram changes
(B) Local illumination
(C) Noise
(D) Global contrast
35. Gabor filters are derived from:
(A) Wavelet theory
(B) Linear algebra
(C) Fourier transform
(D) Spatial histograms
36. The term “local” in LBP refers to:
(A) Image region
(B) Individual color
(C) Surrounding neighbors of a pixel
(D) Histogram blocks
37. Which GLCM feature is sensitive to changes in contrast?
(A) Energy
(B) Entropy
(C) Homogeneity
(D) Contrast
38. What does “rotation-invariance” mean in LBP?
(A) Same output under different lighting
(B) Same code despite image rotation
(C) Angle measurement
(D) Consistent with edge orientation
39. In Gabor filter, lambda denotes:
(A) Orientation
(B) Spatial aspect ratio
(C) Wavelength of sinusoidal factor
(D) Phase offset
40. A uniform LBP pattern contains how many bitwise transitions at most?
(A) 0
(B) 2
(C) 4
(D) 8
41. Which feature is commonly used in GLCM to measure texture smoothness?
(A) Energy
(B) Dissimilarity
(C) Entropy
(D) Correlation
42. GLCM requires how many parameters for its computation?
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3 or more
(D) None
43. LBP is best used on:
(A) Binary images
(B) Edge-detected images
(C) Grayscale textures
(D) Color gradients
44. Which combination provides the most comprehensive texture analysis?
(A) LBP + Gabor
(B) Histogram + Sobel
(C) Canny + LBP
(D) Median + GLCM
45. What is the dimensionality of a typical LBP histogram for 8 neighbors?
(A) 8
(B) 16
(C) 64
(D) 256
46. Which GLCM feature decreases as texture becomes more uniform?
(A) Entropy
(B) Energy
(C) Contrast
(D) Dissimilarity
47. Gabor filters can act as:
(A) Feature detectors
(B) Histogram equalizers
(C) Color mappers
(D) Noise reducers
48. LBP can be extended to:
(A) 3D volumes
(B) Binary images only
(C) Histogram matching
(D) Fourier transforms
49. Which of the following is NOT a parameter of Gabor filter?
(A) Theta
(B) Sigma
(C) Lambda
(D) Gamma-ray
50. LBP is computationally:
(A) Intensive
(B) Expensive
(C) Simple
(D) Not feasible
51. In GLCM, increasing distance between pixel pairs affects:
(A) Orientation
(B) Feature stability
(C) Texture resolution
(D) Frequency filtering
