1. What is the primary goal of image stitching in computer vision?
(A) Enhancing brightness
(B) Removing noise
(C) Creating a panorama
(D) Compressing images
2. Which key feature is most important for successful image stitching?
(A) Color depth
(B) Feature matching
(C) Image size
(D) Frame rate
3. What does a homography matrix represent in image stitching?
(A) Noise distribution
(B) Image compression ratio
(C) Geometric transformation
(D) Histogram equalization
4. Which technique is commonly used for detecting keypoints in images for stitching?
(A) SIFT
(B) K-Means
(C) PCA
(D) Sobel
5. In image stitching, blending is used to:
(A) Detect edges
(B) Match histograms
(C) Smooth transitions
(D) Convert color space
6. Which projection model is best suited for wide panoramas?
(A) Cylindrical
(B) Affine
(C) Perspective
(D) Planar
7. What problem occurs when images are not properly aligned during stitching?
(A) Color banding
(B) Ghosting
(C) Overexposure
(D) Pixel quantization
8. Which method is used to reduce parallax errors in image stitching?
(A) Histogram equalization
(B) Optical flow
(C) Image warping
(D) Thresholding
9. Which algorithm estimates the transformation between overlapping images?
(A) Mean Shift
(B) RANSAC
(C) KNN
(D) DBSCAN
10. Which component is not essential for image stitching?
(A) Keypoint detection
(B) Feature matching
(C) Image segmentation
(D) Homography estimation
11. What is the purpose of bundle adjustment in image stitching?
(A) To enhance contrast
(B) To correct camera pose
(C) To normalize lighting
(D) To equalize histograms
12. Which descriptor is most robust for matching keypoints under scale changes?
(A) LBP
(B) SURF
(C) RGB Histogram
(D) GLCM
13. Which image blending method handles exposure differences effectively?
(A) Linear blending
(B) Multiband blending
(C) Median filtering
(D) Bilateral filtering
14. Which feature detector is computationally efficient and rotation invariant?
(A) ORB
(B) Gabor
(C) Canny
(D) HOG
15. Which technique is commonly used to stitch images from UAVs?
(A) Fourier Transform
(B) Photometric stereo
(C) Mosaic generation
(D) Optical zoom
16. Which of the following is a common cause of stitching failure?
(A) High contrast
(B) Lens distortion
(C) Large memory
(D) Small resolution
17. What kind of transformation is typically used in aligning images for stitching?
(A) Non-linear transformation
(B) Rigid transformation
(C) Projective transformation
(D) Translation only
18. Which blending technique helps in reducing seams between images?
(A) Low-pass filtering
(B) Alpha blending
(C) Sobel edge blending
(D) Thresholding
19. Which of the following helps in aligning overlapping regions accurately?
(A) Color histograms
(B) Edge detectors
(C) Keypoint correspondences
(D) Segmentation masks
20. What is a major limitation of using only translation for stitching images?
(A) Inability to match colors
(B) Cannot handle parallax
(C) Requires high contrast
(D) Needs GPU acceleration
21. Which of the following is not a feature matching technique?
(A) FLANN
(B) Brute-force matcher
(C) Kalman filter
(D) KNN matcher
22. Why is cylindrical projection used in stitching?
(A) To preserve brightness
(B) To reduce ghosting
(C) To handle wide-angle distortion
(D) To enhance resolution
23. Which step involves computing the relationship between two image planes?
(A) Feature extraction
(B) Homography estimation
(C) Color adjustment
(D) Gradient computation
24. What is used to measure the similarity between two descriptors?
(A) Euclidean distance
(B) Entropy
(C) Mean intensity
(D) Phase correlation
25. Which method ensures robustness against outliers in keypoint matching?
(A) DCT
(B) Laplacian filter
(C) RANSAC
(D) Histogram matching
26. Which component helps improve stitching for scenes with depth variation?
(A) Segmentation
(B) Exposure fusion
(C) Depth map
(D) Binary thresholding
27. What is the first step in the image stitching pipeline?
(A) Blending
(B) Warping
(C) Feature detection
(D) Segmentation
28. What does SIFT stand for?
(A) Scale Invariant Feature Transform
(B) Spatial Interpolation Frequency Technique
(C) Spatial Image Feature Tracking
(D) Shape Integration Function Tool
29. Which descriptor performs best under scale, rotation, and illumination changes?
(A) HOG
(B) LBP
(C) SIFT
(D) Histogram Equalization
30. In which domain are images transformed for frequency-based blending?
(A) Color domain
(B) Frequency domain
(C) Spatial domain
(D) Intensity domain
31. Which step reduces visual discontinuities in stitched images?
(A) Thresholding
(B) Edge detection
(C) Seam optimization
(D) Histogram matching
32. Which descriptor combines FAST keypoints with BRIEF descriptors?
(A) SURF
(B) ORB
(C) SIFT
(D) LBP
33. Why is camera calibration important in image stitching?
(A) To reduce file size
(B) To convert images to grayscale
(C) To correct geometric distortion
(D) To change resolution
34. Which feature matching strategy selects the best match from a set of candidates?
(A) KNN matching
(B) Histogram comparison
(C) Color balancing
(D) Gradient filtering
35. What is the role of the overlap region in image stitching?
(A) Compression
(B) Matching and alignment
(C) Sharpening
(D) Resizing
36. Which image format is best for high-quality stitching output?
(A) JPEG
(B) TIFF
(C) BMP
(D) GIF
37. Which stitching problem is caused by camera movement during capture?
(A) Vignetting
(B) Parallax
(C) Overexposure
(D) Banding
38. What is the main purpose of warping in image stitching?
(A) Brightness adjustment
(B) Shape alignment
(C) Size compression
(D) Gradient enhancement
39. Which process involves minimizing feature alignment error in stitching?
(A) Normalization
(B) Bundle adjustment
(C) Thresholding
(D) Edge sharpening
40. Which technique is least affected by affine transformations?
(A) Canny
(B) ORB
(C) SIFT
(D) Histogram
41. Which method is most effective for blending varying exposures in stitching?
(A) Log transformation
(B) Multiband blending
(C) Thresholding
(D) Dilation
42. Which algorithm is used to align keypoints between images?
(A) RANSAC
(B) Gaussian Blur
(C) Canny Edge
(D) K-Means
43. Which is not a benefit of automatic image stitching?
(A) Reduced manual effort
(B) Faster processing
(C) Higher segmentation accuracy
(D) Consistent alignment
44. Which operation is not typically part of stitching pipelines?
(A) Histogram equalization
(B) Feature matching
(C) Homography estimation
(D) Image warping
45. Which software library is widely used for image stitching?
(A) OpenCV
(B) NumPy
(C) Matplotlib
(D) TensorFlow
46. Which parameter is critical for good feature detection in images?
(A) Brightness
(B) Texture
(C) Blur
(D) Saturation
47. Which keypoint detector is based on intensity differences?
(A) FAST
(B) Canny
(C) Gabor
(D) Laplacian
48. What does an image mosaic refer to in stitching?
(A) A blurred image
(B) An edge map
(C) A composite panoramic image
(D) A thresholded mask
49. Which transformation accounts for rotation, translation, and perspective?
(A) Euclidean
(B) Similarity
(C) Projective
(D) Affine
