1. What is the primary source of data in remote sensing systems?
(A) Satellites
(B) Drones
(C) Ground-based sensors
(D) Submarines
2. Which type of remote sensing uses emitted radiation from the object itself?
(A) Passive
(B) Active
(C) Reflective
(D) Transmissive
3. What does a multispectral image capture?
(A) One band of the electromagnetic spectrum
(B) Multiple bands of the electromagnetic spectrum
(C) Temperature only
(D) Only visible light
4. Which sensor is used in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)?
(A) Optical sensor
(B) LIDAR
(C) Microwave sensor
(D) Thermal sensor
5. What is the purpose of atmospheric correction in remote sensing images?
(A) To reduce noise from satellites
(B) To correct geometric distortions
(C) To eliminate the effects of atmosphere on reflectance
(D) To align images temporally
6. Which classification technique uses labeled training data in remote sensing?
(A) Unsupervised
(B) Clustering
(C) Supervised
(D) PCA
7. Which remote sensing technique is best for analyzing vegetation health?
(A) Infrared imaging
(B) Microwave sensing
(C) X-ray imaging
(D) Ultraviolet sensing
8. What does NDVI stand for?
(A) Normalized Directional Vegetation Index
(B) Normal Directional Visual Index
(C) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
(D) Non-Directional Vegetation Interpretation
9. Which satellite is part of the Landsat series?
(A) IRS-1C
(B) MODIS
(C) Landsat-8
(D) RADARSAT-1
10. What is the typical spatial resolution of high-resolution commercial satellites?
(A) 100 km
(B) 1 km
(C) 30 m
(D) 1 m or less
11. Which sensor system works during both day and night?
(A) Optical
(B) Infrared
(C) Radar
(D) Panchromatic
12. What is hyperspectral imaging used for in remote sensing?
(A) Capturing temperature variations
(B) Identifying specific materials based on spectral signatures
(C) Monitoring traffic
(D) Generating 3D images
13. Which technique is commonly used for land cover classification?
(A) Spectral unmixing
(B) Fourier Transform
(C) Mean filtering
(D) Edge detection
14. Which of the following is an active remote sensing technique?
(A) Optical Imaging
(B) Hyperspectral Imaging
(C) Radar Imaging
(D) Thermal Imaging
15. What is geometric correction in remote sensing?
(A) Adjusting pixel values
(B) Removing atmospheric noise
(C) Aligning image coordinates to ground references
(D) Enhancing color tones
16. Which image processing method reduces speckle noise in SAR images?
(A) Mean filter
(B) Laplacian filter
(C) Median filter
(D) High-pass filter
17. In remote sensing, what does radiometric resolution refer to?
(A) Number of spectral bands
(B) Number of bits representing pixel values
(C) Temporal revisit time
(D) Altitude of the satellite
18. What is the function of MODIS sensor?
(A) Collect meteorological data
(B) Monitor volcanic activity
(C) Global observations of land, ocean, and atmosphere
(D) Navigation support
19. Which satellite system offers high temporal resolution?
(A) SPOT
(B) IRS
(C) MODIS
(D) IKONOS
20. Which band is typically used for water body extraction in remote sensing?
(A) Red
(B) Near-infrared
(C) Blue
(D) Shortwave-infrared
21. Which of the following is a free remote sensing data provider?
(A) GeoEye
(B) Planet Labs
(C) USGS Earth Explorer
(D) DigitalGlobe
22. What is the main advantage of using remote sensing for environmental monitoring?
(A) High cost
(B) Limited coverage
(C) Frequent and broad-area data collection
(D) Manual intervention required
23. Which of the following is not a type of image resolution in remote sensing?
(A) Spatial
(B) Temporal
(C) Spectral
(D) Frequency
24. What does a high spatial resolution image provide?
(A) Faster acquisition time
(B) More detailed spatial information
(C) Broader coverage
(D) Higher temperature readings
25. Which algorithm is used for unsupervised image classification?
(A) Decision Tree
(B) K-Means Clustering
(C) Random Forest
(D) Support Vector Machine
26. Which atmospheric phenomenon can distort remote sensing images?
(A) Aurora borealis
(B) Solar flares
(C) Cloud cover
(D) Tides
27. What is orthorectification in remote sensing?
(A) Removal of clouds from image
(B) Correction of terrain-induced distortions
(C) Contrast enhancement
(D) Classification of vegetation
28. Which of the following satellites is used for meteorological purposes?
(A) Cartosat
(B) NOAA
(C) IKONOS
(D) QuickBird
29. What is the primary function of LIDAR in remote sensing?
(A) Capturing color images
(B) Capturing depth information
(C) Thermal monitoring
(D) Classifying land cover
30. Which remote sensing technique is best for underground mapping?
(A) Optical imaging
(B) Microwave sensing
(C) Thermal sensing
(D) None of these
31. Which electromagnetic spectrum region is used in thermal remote sensing?
(A) Visible
(B) Near-infrared
(C) Mid-infrared
(D) Ultraviolet
32. What does the term ‘panchromatic image’ refer to?
(A) Image captured using one narrow band
(B) Image combining multiple spectral bands
(C) Grayscale image from a broad band
(D) Colored thermal image
33. Which of the following processes converts digital numbers to reflectance values?
(A) Filtering
(B) Normalization
(C) Radiometric calibration
(D) Quantization
34. What is the revisit period of a satellite?
(A) Time taken to orbit Earth once
(B) Time between consecutive imaging of the same area
(C) Time between data uploads
(D) Time taken to transmit data
35. Which organization operates the Sentinel satellite series?
(A) ISRO
(B) NASA
(C) ESA
(D) JAXA
36. Which satellite sensor provides high spectral resolution data?
(A) QuickBird
(B) AVIRIS
(C) IKONOS
(D) Cartosat-2
37. Which remote sensing data type uses brightness temperature?
(A) Radar
(B) Thermal
(C) Optical
(D) Hyperspectral
38. Which of the following is a limitation of passive sensors?
(A) Cannot work in daylight
(B) Require artificial illumination
(C) Depend on external energy sources like sunlight
(D) Too costly to deploy
39. Which software is commonly used for remote sensing image processing?
(A) MATLAB
(B) ArcGIS
(C) MS Excel
(D) AutoCAD
40. What is the role of the histogram in remote sensing image processing?
(A) Enhancing spatial resolution
(B) Image classification
(C) Analyzing pixel intensity distribution
(D) Removing distortion
41. Which band combination is best for detecting healthy vegetation?
(A) Red, Green, Blue
(B) NIR, Red, Green
(C) SWIR, Red, Blue
(D) Thermal, NIR, Blue
42. Which of the following is an example of data fusion in remote sensing?
(A) Histogram equalization
(B) Combining SAR and optical images
(C) Image classification
(D) NDVI calculation
43. Which parameter is crucial for terrain mapping using stereo images?
(A) Temporal resolution
(B) Parallax
(C) Bit depth
(D) Wavelength
44. What is the main source of error in remote sensing image classification?
(A) Sensor drift
(B) Mislabeling of training data
(C) Cloud-free data
(D) Low bit depth
45. Which type of sensor captures images in a pushbroom manner?
(A) Frame camera
(B) Whiskbroom scanner
(C) Pushbroom scanner
(D) LIDAR sensor
46. Which factor does NOT affect spectral signature?
(A) Material type
(B) Illumination angle
(C) Spatial resolution
(D) Surface roughness
47. Which tool helps analyze temporal changes in land use using remote sensing?
(A) NDVI
(B) Time-series analysis
(C) Histogram stretching
(D) Contrast equalization
48. What is the main advantage of using UAVs in remote sensing?
(A) Limited area coverage
(B) Low spatial resolution
(C) Flexible and high-resolution data collection
(D) Weather independence
49. What is the primary advantage of hyperspectral imaging over multispectral imaging in remote sensing?
(A) Lower data storage requirement
(B) Higher spatial resolution
(C) More detailed spectral information
(D) Faster image acquisition
50. Which remote sensing technique is most suitable for measuring surface elevation?
(A) Optical imaging
(B) LIDAR
(C) Thermal sensing
(D) Hyperspectral imaging
