1. Which process aligns two or more images of the same scene taken at different times or viewpoints?
(A) Image Segmentation
(B) Image Enhancement
(C) Image Registration
(D) Image Restoration
2. What is the main goal of image registration?
(A) Reduce noise in the image
(B) Detect image edges
(C) Align multiple images into a common coordinate system
(D) Improve image resolution
3. Which of the following is a key step in image registration?
(A) Thresholding
(B) Feature matching
(C) Noise filtering
(D) Color balancing
4. Which of the following methods uses pixel intensity values directly for registration?
(A) Feature-based
(B) Area-based
(C) Frequency-based
(D) Edge-based
5. Which technique is commonly used in feature-based registration?
(A) Histogram equalization
(B) Corner detection
(C) Low-pass filtering
(D) Median filtering
6. Which transform is used to align images through translation, rotation, and scaling?
(A) Affine transform
(B) Log transform
(C) Gaussian transform
(D) Fourier transform
7. Which type of registration uses control points to estimate transformation parameters?
(A) Manual registration
(B) Intensity-based registration
(C) Feature-based registration
(D) Segmentation-based registration
8. Which metric is often used to evaluate similarity in intensity-based image registration?
(A) Mutual information
(B) Peak signal-to-noise ratio
(C) Mean square error
(D) Structural similarity
9. Which image registration method is more robust to illumination changes?
(A) Intensity-based
(B) Histogram equalization
(C) Feature-based
(D) Thresholding
10. Which of the following features is commonly used in medical image registration?
(A) Intensity histograms
(B) SIFT keypoints
(C) Edge pixels
(D) Texture patches
11. What is the purpose of resampling in image registration?
(A) Enhance contrast
(B) Match histogram
(C) Recompute pixel values in transformed image
(D) Remove noise
12. Which interpolation method is most accurate but computationally expensive?
(A) Nearest-neighbor
(B) Bilinear
(C) Bicubic
(D) Gaussian
13. Which of the following is not a typical transformation model in registration?
(A) Affine
(B) Rigid
(C) Elastic
(D) Laplacian
14. Which transformation includes only rotation and translation?
(A) Rigid
(B) Affine
(C) Projective
(D) Non-rigid
15. What is the role of optimization in image registration?
(A) Detect edges
(B) Reduce file size
(C) Find the best transformation parameters
(D) Remove distortions
16. Which of the following is a non-rigid transformation?
(A) Translation
(B) Rotation
(C) Elastic deformation
(D) Scaling
17. Which algorithm is commonly used for optimizing registration parameters?
(A) K-means
(B) Gradient descent
(C) Huffman coding
(D) Hough transform
18. What does the term ‘fixed image’ refer to in registration?
(A) The image being transformed
(B) The reference image
(C) The blurred image
(D) The output image
19. Which term is used for the image to be aligned to the fixed image?
(A) Moving image
(B) Blurred image
(C) Base image
(D) Target image
20. Which domain is used in frequency-based registration?
(A) Time domain
(B) Spatial domain
(C) Frequency domain
(D) Statistical domain
21. Which technique is useful for registering satellite images?
(A) Histogram equalization
(B) Gabor filters
(C) Ground control points
(D) Image inpainting
22. What is the purpose of using control points in image registration?
(A) Reduce contrast
(B) Estimate geometric transformation
(C) Perform histogram analysis
(D) Blur the image
23. Which method is most sensitive to intensity variations?
(A) Feature-based
(B) Intensity-based
(C) Hybrid
(D) Elastic
24. Which combination is often used for multimodal registration?
(A) Mutual information and affine transform
(B) PSNR and rigid transform
(C) Gabor filter and rotation
(D) Thresholding and interpolation
25. Which one is not a similarity measure in registration?
(A) Mutual information
(B) Normalized cross-correlation
(C) Structural similarity index
(D) Gaussian blur
26. Which method is most suitable for registering images with large deformations?
(A) Rigid registration
(B) Elastic registration
(C) Intensity-based registration
(D) Fourier transform
27. Which approach combines both features and intensities?
(A) Segmentation
(B) Hybrid registration
(C) Binary thresholding
(D) Image fusion
28. Which method is used for sub-pixel accuracy in registration?
(A) Thresholding
(B) Fourier shift theorem
(C) Median filtering
(D) Canny edge detection
29. Which type of image registration uses anatomical landmarks?
(A) Rigid
(B) Feature-based
(C) Affine
(D) Intensity-based
30. In image registration, transformation parameters are typically estimated using:
(A) Filtering
(B) Optimization
(C) Compression
(D) Denoising
31. Which registration method can handle different imaging modalities like CT and MRI?
(A) PSNR
(B) Mutual information
(C) Histogram matching
(D) Edge detection
32. Which feature descriptor is invariant to scale and rotation in registration?
(A) Sobel
(B) SIFT
(C) Prewitt
(D) Canny
33. Which of the following can improve robustness in feature-based registration?
(A) Using more control points
(B) Reducing resolution
(C) Avoiding transformation
(D) Skipping interpolation
34. What kind of transformation can bend and twist the image during registration?
(A) Affine
(B) Rigid
(C) Elastic
(D) Projective
35. Which registration method uses block matching?
(A) Histogram-based
(B) Area-based
(C) Gradient-based
(D) Fourier-based
36. Which function is minimized during optimization in registration?
(A) Distance between histograms
(B) Similarity measure
(C) Image brightness
(D) Color balance
37. Which of the following is not required in image registration?
(A) Interpolation
(B) Histogram equalization
(C) Transformation
(D) Similarity measurement
38. Which metric is used in mono-modal image registration?
(A) Cross-correlation
(B) Mutual information
(C) Texture entropy
(D) Contrast stretching
39. Which registration step involves rotating and translating the moving image?
(A) Matching
(B) Transformation
(C) Segmentation
(D) Enhancement
40. Which algorithm is useful for finding keypoints in registration?
(A) K-means
(B) SIFT
(C) Watershed
(D) PCA
41. Which step follows similarity computation in the registration pipeline?
(A) Interpolation
(B) Transformation estimation
(C) Blurring
(D) Histogram computation
42. Which registration type is used when both images come from the same sensor?
(A) Multimodal
(B) Monomodal
(C) Elastic
(D) Hybrid
43. Which tool helps in evaluating registration visually?
(A) Histogram viewer
(B) Checkerboard display
(C) Pixel counter
(D) Line detector
44. Which type of transformation preserves angles and lengths?
(A) Affine
(B) Rigid
(C) Non-rigid
(D) Perspective
45. What can lead to registration failure?
(A) Accurate control points
(B) High image similarity
(C) Large viewpoint differences
(D) Use of mutual information
46. Which operation is required after applying a transformation to an image?
(A) Filtering
(B) Interpolation
(C) Quantization
(D) Segmentation
47. Which technique can handle images with non-linear distortions?
(A) Rigid registration
(B) Elastic registration
(C) Histogram registration
(D) Binary matching
48. What is the first step in any image registration pipeline?
(A) Feature extraction
(B) Image filtering
(C) Image transformation
(D) Intensity adjustment
49. Which technique helps improve accuracy in automated registration?
(A) Manual control point selection
(B) Histogram equalization
(C) Gaussian filtering
(D) Using multi-resolution approach
50. Which type of registration is typically used in aligning pre-operative and intra-operative medical images?
(A) Monomodal registration
(B) Multimodal registration
(C) Elastic registration
(D) Manual registration
