Posture and Postural Control – MCQs

1. Good posture is important because it:
(A) Reduces strain on muscles and joints
(B) Increases fatigue
(C) Limits mobility
(D) Weakens ligaments

2. Postural control refers to:
(A) Maintaining body balance and stability
(B) Muscle strength only
(C) Joint flexibility only
(D) Respiratory control

3. The center of gravity (COG) is:
(A) The point where body weight is concentrated
(B) The base of support
(C) The joint axis
(D) Muscle insertion point

4. The base of support (BOS) is:
(A) Area beneath the body that supports its weight
(B) COG
(C) Joint axis
(D) Muscle origin

5. Postural sway refers to:
(A) Slight movement of body to maintain balance
(B) Loss of posture
(C) Spinal curvature
(D) Muscle fatigue

6. The ankle strategy in postural control involves:
(A) Using ankle muscles to maintain balance
(B) Using hip muscles only
(C) Head movements
(D) Vision adjustments only

7. The hip strategy is used when:
(A) Larger perturbations occur
(B) Small adjustments are needed
(C) Standing on a wide base
(D) Eyes are closed only

8. The stepping strategy is applied when:
(A) Balance is lost and a step is needed to prevent falling
(B) Small adjustments are sufficient
(C) Only upper body moves
(D) Vision is impaired

9. Which sensory system is important for postural control?
(A) Visual, vestibular, and somatosensory systems
(B) Only visual
(C) Only vestibular
(D) Only auditory

10. Visual input contributes to posture by:
(A) Providing orientation to the environment
(B) Controlling heart rate
(C) Generating muscle strength
(D) Producing joint stability

11. The vestibular system helps posture by:
(A) Detecting head motion and position
(B) Controlling breathing
(C) Regulating digestion
(D) Activating reflexes only

12. Somatosensory input contributes to posture by:
(A) Providing feedback from muscles, joints, and skin
(B) Controlling vision
(C) Maintaining respiration
(D) Supporting digestion

13. Postural control can be classified as:
(A) Static and dynamic
(B) Active only
(C) Passive only
(D) Reflexive only

14. Static posture refers to:
(A) Maintaining balance while stationary
(B) Walking
(C) Running
(D) Jumping

15. Dynamic posture refers to:
(A) Maintaining balance during movement
(B) Standing still
(C) Sitting only
(D) Lying down

16. Poor posture can lead to:
(A) Musculoskeletal pain
(B) Improved flexibility
(C) Stronger muscles
(D) Increased energy

17. Postural alignment in standing:
(A) Head over shoulders, shoulders over hips, hips over knees
(B) Head forward, shoulders slumped
(C) Hips behind knees
(D) Knees hyperextended

18. Scoliosis is:
(A) Lateral curvature of the spine
(B) Forward curvature of thoracic spine
(C) Backward curvature of lumbar spine
(D) Flattened spine

19. Kyphosis is:
(A) Excessive thoracic curve
(B) Forward head posture
(C) Flattened lumbar curve
(D) Swayback posture

20. Lordosis is:
(A) Excessive lumbar curve
(B) Forward head posture
(C) Lateral curvature
(D) Flat back

21. Forward head posture primarily affects:
(A) Cervical spine and neck muscles
(B) Thoracic spine only
(C) Lower limbs
(D) Pelvis only

22. Pelvic tilt influences posture by:
(A) Changing lumbar spine curvature
(B) Affecting cervical alignment
(C) Altering thoracic kyphosis
(D) Increasing head rotation

23. Core muscles help posture by:
(A) Stabilizing spine and pelvis
(B) Moving arms
(C) Flexing knees
(D) Rotating head

24. Postural muscles are mainly composed of:
(A) Slow-twitch fibers
(B) Fast-twitch fibers
(C) Mixed fibers
(D) Cardiac fibers

25. Anterior pelvic tilt causes:
(A) Increased lumbar lordosis
(B) Decreased thoracic kyphosis
(C) Straight spine
(D) Scoliosis

26. Posterior pelvic tilt causes:
(A) Flattened lumbar spine
(B) Increased thoracic kyphosis
(C) Hyperlordosis
(D) Forward head posture

27. Postural stability depends on:
(A) COG, BOS, and sensory input
(B) Muscle strength only
(C) Joint flexibility only
(D) Vision only

28. The ankle-foot complex plays a role in postural control by:
(A) Adjusting sway during standing
(B) Moving arms
(C) Rotating the head
(D) Stabilizing cervical spine

29. Visual dominance in posture occurs when:
(A) Vision is the primary reference for balance
(B) Vestibular system is dominant
(C) Proprioception is ignored
(D) Muscles relax

30. Aging affects posture by:
(A) Reducing balance and muscle strength
(B) Improving flexibility
(C) Decreasing spinal curvature
(D) Enhancing reflexes

31. Children develop postural control:
(A) Gradually as neuromuscular system matures
(B) Instantly at birth
(C) Only after walking
(D) Only in adolescence

32. Postural reflexes include:
(A) Righting, equilibrium, and protective reactions
(B) Only stretch reflex
(C) Only tendon reflex
(D) Pupillary reflex

33. The vestibulospinal tract helps:
(A) Maintain upright posture
(B) Move fingers
(C) Flex elbows
(D) Rotate the head only

34. Postural adjustments during walking are:
(A) Anticipatory and reactive
(B) Voluntary only
(C) Reflex only
(D) Random

35. Anticipatory postural control involves:
(A) Preparing muscles before movement
(B) Reacting after loss of balance
(C) Vision only
(D) Head rotation

36. Reactive postural control involves:
(A) Muscle activation after perturbation
(B) Movement initiation
(C) Breathing control
(D) Vision stabilization

37. Poor postural control may lead to:
(A) Increased risk of falls
(B) Improved balance
(C) Enhanced speed
(D) Muscle hypertrophy

38. Sitting posture should include:
(A) Feet flat, knees at 90°, back supported
(B) Slumped back
(C) Crossed legs only
(D) Head forward

39. Standing posture should include:
(A) Weight evenly distributed on both feet
(B) Leaning forward
(C) Knee hyperextension
(D) Pelvic rotation only

40. Head posture affects:
(A) Cervical spine load
(B) Lumbar lordosis only
(C) Pelvic tilt only
(D) Thoracic kyphosis only

41. Core stability exercises improve:
(A) Postural control
(B) Vision
(C) Hearing
(D) Digestion

42. Balance training improves:
(A) Anticipatory and reactive postural responses
(B) Flexibility only
(C) Muscle mass only
(D) Bone density only

43. Fatigue affects posture by:
(A) Reducing postural stability
(B) Improving alignment
(C) Increasing reflex speed
(D) Reducing COG

44. Musculoskeletal disorders due to poor posture include:
(A) Back pain, neck pain, shoulder strain
(B) Hearing loss
(C) Vision impairment
(D) Skin rash

45. The line of gravity passes through:
(A) COG and BOS
(B) Head only
(C) Feet only
(D) Spine only

46. Proper ergonomics improves posture by:
(A) Reducing strain on muscles and joints
(B) Increasing load on spine
(C) Decreasing balance
(D) Weakening core muscles

47. Sway increases when:
(A) BOS is narrow
(B) BOS is wide
(C) COG is low
(D) Vision is normal

48. Postural training can include:
(A) Strength, flexibility, balance, and proprioception exercises
(B) Only running
(C) Only weightlifting
(D) Only swimming

49. Standing on one leg challenges:
(A) Postural control and balance
(B) Cardiovascular system only
(C) Vision only
(D) Digestion

50. Postural deviations are corrected by:
(A) Muscle strengthening, stretching, and ergonomic adjustments
(B) Only medication
(C) Surgery only
(D) Rest alone