1. : What is the primary function of the Human Visual System (HVS)?
(A) Hearing sounds
(B) Processing smells
(C) Capturing and interpreting visual information
(D) Producing speech
2. : Which part of the eye focuses light onto the retina?
(A) Iris
(B) Pupil
(C) Cornea
(D) Lens
3. : Which cells in the retina are responsible for color vision?
(A) Rods
(B) Cones
(C) Bipolar cells
(D) Ganglion cells
4. : What type of cells detect light intensity and motion?
(A) Cones
(B) Rods
(C) Glial cells
(D) Scleral cells
5. : The region of the retina with the highest concentration of cones is called the:
(A) Optic disc
(B) Macula
(C) Fovea
(D) Cornea
6. : Which phenomenon explains why we see sharp details at the center of our vision?
(A) Peripheral blur
(B) Foveal focus
(C) Acuity concentration
(D) Central vision precision
7. : Rod cells are highly sensitive to:
(A) Bright light
(B) Color
(C) Dim light
(D) Infrared light
8. : Which is NOT a type of cone cell in the human eye?
(A) S-cone (short wavelength)
(B) M-cone (medium wavelength)
(C) L-cone (long wavelength)
(D) X-cone (extreme wavelength)
9. : Human eyes are most sensitive to which color?
(A) Red
(B) Blue
(C) Green
(D) Yellow
10. : The blind spot in the eye is located at the:
(A) Iris
(B) Optic nerve head
(C) Fovea
(D) Retina periphery
11. : What causes the blind spot in the human eye?
(A) Absence of cones
(B) Absence of rods
(C) Absence of photoreceptors
(D) Overlapping of lenses
12. : What is the approximate number of rods in the human retina?
(A) 6 million
(B) 1 billion
(C) 120 million
(D) 10 thousand
13. : How many cone cells are in the human retina approximately?
(A) 10 million
(B) 6 million
(C) 50 million
(D) 100 million
14. : Which part of the eye regulates the amount of light entering?
(A) Lens
(B) Iris
(C) Retina
(D) Sclera
15. : Which term describes the ability to distinguish fine details?
(A) Visual persistence
(B) Visual acuity
(C) Optical gain
(D) Ocular contrast
16. : The delay in human perception of motion is known as:
(A) Latency
(B) Visual inertia
(C) Persistence of vision
(D) Temporal drag
17. : Visual information from the retina is transmitted to the brain via the:
(A) Spinal cord
(B) Optic nerve
(C) Brainstem
(D) Iris
18. : Which brain region processes visual signals?
(A) Cerebellum
(B) Occipital lobe
(C) Temporal lobe
(D) Frontal cortex
19. : The HVS is more sensitive to changes in:
(A) Color than intensity
(B) Intensity than color
(C) Shape than color
(D) Hue than saturation
20. : Which phenomenon describes reduced sensitivity to a constant stimulus?
(A) Adaptation
(B) Suppression
(C) Inhibition
(D) Latency
21. : Color blindness is typically caused by:
(A) Lens damage
(B) Rod cell mutation
(C) Cone cell deficiency
(D) Corneal opacity
22. : What color model closely relates to human perception?
(A) RGB
(B) CMYK
(C) HSV
(D) HSI
23. : What determines perceived brightness in an image?
(A) Hue
(B) Saturation
(C) Luminance
(D) Contrast
24. : The minimum change in intensity that the HVS can detect is called:
(A) Visual threshold
(B) Contrast edge
(C) Just noticeable difference
(D) Differential luminance
25. : HVS is less sensitive to:
(A) High frequencies
(B) Low frequencies
(C) Intermediate frequencies
(D) Temporal motion
26. : What is visual masking?
(A) Blurring of sharp edges
(B) Reduction in visibility of one image due to another
(C) Enhancement of contrast
(D) Addition of noise
27. : The color sensitivity of the HVS peaks at:
(A) 450 nm
(B) 555 nm
(C) 600 nm
(D) 700 nm
28. : The human eye responds to wavelengths in the range:
(A) 100–300 nm
(B) 200–500 nm
(C) 400–700 nm
(D) 700–900 nm
29. : Visual contrast is perceived better in which light condition?
(A) Uniform lighting
(B) High dynamic range
(C) Monochromatic light
(D) Low brightness
30. : Which component simulates the HVS in digital systems?
(A) CCD sensor
(B) Camera lens
(C) Image compression
(D) Perceptual model
31. : Visual masking helps in which digital process?
(A) Encryption
(B) Compression
(C) Encryption
(D) Morphing
32. : What is the main cause of eye fatigue in digital display usage?
(A) Excessive brightness
(B) High contrast
(C) Blue light exposure
(D) High refresh rate
33. : Temporal resolution of HVS refers to its sensitivity to:
(A) Color changes
(B) Time-varying signals
(C) Depth
(D) Size of objects
34. : Which frequency range does HVS best perceive?
(A) 1–2 cycles/degree
(B) 4–6 cycles/degree
(C) 10–12 cycles/degree
(D) 15–20 cycles/degree
35. : HVS is modeled using which function in image compression?
(A) MSE
(B) PSNR
(C) Contrast Sensitivity Function
(D) Histogram Equalization
36. : In which situation does the HVS fail to distinguish small details?
(A) High luminance
(B) Peripheral vision
(C) Monochrome images
(D) Foveal view
37. : Which illusion demonstrates the edge enhancement by HVS?
(A) Ames room
(B) Kanizsa triangle
(C) Mach bands
(D) Moon illusion
38. : What is chromatic adaptation?
(A) Adjusting brightness perception
(B) Adjusting to different color temperatures
(C) Ignoring motion blur
(D) Filtering low frequencies
39. : What is the response of the HVS to constant exposure to a single color?
(A) Overexposure
(B) Fatigue
(C) Color adaptation
(D) Desaturation
40. : Which component is used in image processing to mimic HVS brightness perception?
(A) Linear scale
(B) Gamma correction
(C) RGB conversion
(D) Color quantization
41. : Scotopic vision occurs in:
(A) Bright light
(B) Total darkness
(C) Low light
(D) Artificial light
42. : Photopic vision refers to:
(A) Colorless vision
(B) Vision using rods
(C) Vision using cones
(D) Night vision
43. : HVS exhibits better resolution in:
(A) Low light
(B) Peripheral view
(C) Central field
(D) Monochrome images
44. : Which transformation is used for perceptual brightness modeling?
(A) Linear
(B) Logarithmic
(C) Exponential
(D) Polynomial
45. : Which image format uses HVS to compress better?
(A) BMP
(B) JPEG
(C) PNG
(D) TIFF
46. : In human vision, lateral inhibition improves:
(A) Motion detection
(B) Color enhancement
(C) Edge detection
(D) Brightness uniformity
47. : Which property of HVS is exploited in image quantization?
(A) Linearity
(B) High color accuracy
(C) Limited sensitivity to minor differences
(D) Sharp visual acuity
48. : What is the dynamic range of the HVS in bright light?
(A) 10:1
(B) 100:1
(C) 1,000:1
(D) 10,000:1
49. : Which method enhances images by mimicking HVS contrast sensitivity?
(A) Histogram Equalization
(B) Inverse Filtering
(C) Median Filtering
(D) Noise Addition
50. : Why does the HVS-based approach benefit image compression?
(A) Increases data
(B) Enhances motion blur
(C) Removes imperceptible details
(D) Duplicates pixels
