Tissue Biomechanics (Bone, Ligament, Tendon, Muscle) – MCQs

1. Which type of bone provides the greatest resistance to compressive forces?
(A) Cortical bone
(B) Cancellous bone
(C) Trabecular bone
(D) Irregular bone

2. Cancellous bone is best adapted for:
(A) Absorbing shock and energy
(B) Resisting high compressive loads
(C) Preventing ligament strain
(D) Facilitating muscle contraction

3. Bone is strongest under which type of load?
(A) Compression
(B) Tension
(C) Shear
(D) Torsion

4. Bone is weakest under which type of load?
(A) Shear
(B) Compression
(C) Bending
(D) Tension

5. The viscoelastic property of bone means:
(A) Response depends on rate of loading
(B) Bone behaves like a fluid
(C) Bone is purely elastic
(D) Bone never fatigues

6. Wolff’s Law states:
(A) Bone adapts to the stress placed upon it
(B) Ligaments shorten with rest
(C) Muscle force is proportional to cross-sectional area
(D) Tendons are purely elastic

7. Ligaments primarily resist:
(A) Tensile forces
(B) Compressive forces
(C) Torsional forces
(D) Shear forces

8. Which structural component provides ligaments with tensile strength?
(A) Collagen fibers
(B) Elastin fibers
(C) Ground substance
(D) Proteoglycans

9. Ligaments are considered:
(A) Viscoelastic tissues
(B) Purely elastic tissues
(C) Purely plastic tissues
(D) Non-adaptive tissues

10. The toe region of the stress-strain curve in ligaments represents:
(A) Uncrimping of collagen fibers
(B) Tissue failure
(C) Plastic deformation
(D) Constant stiffness

11. Tendons connect:
(A) Muscle to bone
(B) Bone to bone
(C) Muscle to muscle
(D) Cartilage to bone

12. Tendons are designed primarily to:
(A) Transmit muscle force to bone
(B) Store energy permanently
(C) Prevent bone fracture
(D) Stabilize joints

13. The primary load resisted by tendons is:
(A) Tension
(B) Compression
(C) Shear
(D) Torsion

14. The tendon’s stiffness is proportional to its:
(A) Cross-sectional area
(B) Length only
(C) Bone insertion
(D) Elastic limit

15. Elastic energy storage in tendons is important in:
(A) Running and jumping
(B) Standing still
(C) Sitting
(D) Stretching only

16. Muscle force production is proportional to:
(A) Physiological cross-sectional area
(B) Muscle length only
(C) Joint angle only
(D) Lever arm alone

17. Which muscle contraction produces the greatest force?
(A) Eccentric contraction
(B) Concentric contraction
(C) Isometric contraction
(D) Isokinetic contraction

18. The length-tension relationship of muscle describes:
(A) Optimal sarcomere length for force production
(B) Relationship between tendon stiffness and force
(C) Ligament elasticity under strain
(D) Bone strength under compression

19. The force-velocity relationship states that:
(A) Force decreases with increasing velocity in concentric contractions
(B) Force increases with increasing velocity in concentric contractions
(C) Velocity is independent of force
(D) Force is constant regardless of contraction type

20. Stress in a tissue is defined as:
(A) Force ÷ Cross-sectional area
(B) Force × Displacement
(C) Energy ÷ Length
(D) Mass ÷ Volume

21. Strain is defined as:
(A) Change in length ÷ Original length
(B) Force ÷ Area
(C) Work ÷ Time
(D) Torque ÷ Distance

22. The slope of the linear region of a stress-strain curve is called:
(A) Elastic modulus
(B) Plastic modulus
(C) Energy modulus
(D) Strength coefficient

23. Yield point of a tissue represents:
(A) End of elastic region, start of plastic deformation
(B) Complete tissue failure
(C) Beginning of toe region
(D) Maximum energy storage

24. Ultimate tensile strength is:
(A) Maximum stress a tissue can withstand
(B) Stress at which tissue elasticity begins
(C) Stress at zero strain
(D) Lowest possible stress level

25. Hysteresis in tendon biomechanics refers to:
(A) Energy lost as heat during loading/unloading
(B) Energy stored in collagen
(C) Complete recovery of strain
(D) Muscle contraction fatigue

26. Bone anisotropy means:
(A) Mechanical properties vary with direction of loading
(B) Bone is equally strong in all directions
(C) Bone is weaker under tension
(D) Bone strength is independent of structure

27. Which tissue has the slowest healing capacity?
(A) Ligament
(B) Tendon
(C) Muscle
(D) Cortical bone

28. Creep in connective tissues refers to:
(A) Gradual deformation under constant load
(B) Sudden failure at high load
(C) Recovery after unloading
(D) Increased stiffness with rest

29. Stress-relaxation is defined as:
(A) Decrease in stress under constant strain
(B) Decrease in strain under constant stress
(C) Increase in stiffness over time
(D) Elastic energy recovery

30. Bone remodeling is influenced by:
(A) Mechanical loading
(B) Diet only
(C) Ligament stiffness
(D) Muscle length

31. Tendon stiffness increases with:
(A) Training and loading
(B) Rest and inactivity
(C) Immobilization only
(D) Aging

32. Ligaments provide:
(A) Joint stability
(B) Muscle contraction
(C) Bone remodeling
(D) Blood supply

33. Tendons provide:
(A) Force transmission
(B) Joint lubrication
(C) Energy metabolism
(D) Ligament stabilization

34. Muscles provide:
(A) Active force generation
(B) Passive joint stabilization only
(C) Energy storage only
(D) Bone density control

35. Bone fatigue fracture occurs due to:
(A) Repetitive loading below failure stress
(B) Single high stress load
(C) Absence of strain
(D) Increased tendon stiffness

36. Ligament viscoelasticity explains:
(A) Time-dependent length changes under load
(B) Unlimited elasticity
(C) Bone stiffness
(D) Tendon rupture prevention

37. Muscles with parallel fiber arrangement favor:
(A) Greater speed of contraction
(B) Greater force production
(C) Greater endurance
(D) Greater stiffness

38. Muscles with pennate fiber arrangement favor:
(A) Greater force production
(B) Faster contraction
(C) Elasticity
(D) Stability only

39. Which muscle contraction type is most energy efficient?
(A) Eccentric
(B) Concentric
(C) Isometric
(D) Isokinetic

40. The plastic region of a tissue’s stress-strain curve represents:
(A) Permanent deformation
(B) Elastic recovery
(C) Energy storage
(D) Tissue creep

41. Bone mineral density is directly related to:
(A) Bone strength
(B) Tendon elasticity
(C) Ligament stiffness
(D) Muscle length

42. The primary structural protein in tendons and ligaments is:
(A) Collagen
(B) Elastin
(C) Keratin
(D) Myosin

43. Stress shielding occurs when:
(A) Implants take over bone loading, reducing remodeling
(B) Tendons stiffen during loading
(C) Muscles fail under load
(D) Ligaments lengthen excessively

44. Which factor decreases bone strength?
(A) Osteoporosis
(B) Mechanical loading
(C) Training
(D) Proper nutrition

45. Tendons show higher stiffness compared to ligaments because:
(A) Higher collagen alignment
(B) Greater elastin content
(C) Better vascularization
(D) Lower loading demands

46. Ligament injuries are most common under:
(A) High tensile load
(B) Compressive load
(C) Shear within bone
(D) Bending forces

47. Which muscle fibers are most fatigue resistant?
(A) Type I (slow-twitch)
(B) Type IIa
(C) Type IIb (fast-twitch)
(D) Type IIx

48. Which muscle fibers produce the greatest power?
(A) Type IIb (fast-twitch)
(B) Type I (slow-twitch)
(C) Type IIa
(D) Mixed fibers

49. Ligaments respond to immobilization with:
(A) Decreased stiffness and strength
(B) Increased stiffness
(C) No change
(D) Improved blood flow

50. Tendons adapt to training by:
(A) Increasing collagen cross-links and stiffness
(B) Reducing elasticity
(C) Decreasing blood flow
(D) Weakening under tension