Spine and Trunk Biomechanics – MCQs

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1. Which region of the spine has the greatest range of rotation?



2. The primary function of the intervertebral discs is to:



3. Which ligament limits hyperflexion of the spine?



4. The normal lumbar lordosis helps in:



5. The axis of rotation for trunk flexion and extension is located in the:



6. Which spinal region bears the highest compressive loads during lifting?



7. The facet joints of the cervical spine are oriented primarily in which plane?



8. The sacroiliac joint is classified as a:



9. During trunk lateral flexion, which muscles are the primary movers?



10. Excessive kyphosis is commonly found in which region?



11. The ligamentum flavum connects:



12. Which muscle group is most important for maintaining upright posture?



13. The motion of trunk rotation occurs around which axis?



14. Which muscle is the prime mover in trunk flexion?



15. The intervertebral foramen allows passage of:



16. Lumbar lordosis increases during:



17. Which movement is most restricted in the thoracic spine?



18. The atlanto-axial joint allows:



19. Which spinal curve develops first in infancy?



20. The annulus fibrosus of intervertebral disc is made up of:



21. The nucleus pulposus primarily resists:



22. Scoliosis involves abnormal curvature in which plane?



23. Which trunk muscle contributes most to rotation to the opposite side?



24. Which ligament prevents hyperextension of the spine?



25. Forward bending of the trunk primarily stresses which ligament?



26. The normal range of lumbar flexion is approximately:



27. Which muscle stabilizes the pelvis during trunk side bending?



28. Herniation of the intervertebral disc most commonly occurs in the:



29. The thoracolumbar fascia provides attachment to:



30. Which structure bears the greatest compressive load in the spine?



31. The line of gravity in normal standing passes:



32. During lifting, bending the knees instead of the trunk reduces:



33. The sternocleidomastoid muscle assists in:



34. Excessive lumbar lordosis may lead to:



35. The functional unit of the spine is the:



36. Which ligament is called the “yellow ligament”?



37. Axial compression injuries commonly affect:



38. Lateral flexion of the trunk is coupled with:



39. Which muscle group resists trunk flexion eccentrically?



40. The spinal cord terminates at the level of:



41. The axis of rotation for lumbar lateral flexion lies in which plane?



42. Kyphosis is an exaggeration of which normal spinal curve?



43. Which movement is most limited in the lumbar spine?



44. The costovertebral joints are located in which region?



45. The most common site of spondylolisthesis is:



46. Which trunk movement requires bilateral contraction of erector spinae?



47. The atlanto-occipital joint mainly allows:



48. The cauda equina begins at:



49. The average range of thoracic spine rotation is:



50. A flat back posture indicates reduction in:



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