1. : Biodiversity contributes to ecosystem resilience by:
(A) Reducing the ability of ecosystems to recover from disturbances
(B) Enhancing the stability and productivity of ecosystems
(C) Increasing the susceptibility of ecosystems to environmental changes
(D) Decreasing the efficiency of nutrient cycling
2. : Which of the following is a provisioning service provided by biodiversity?
(A) Pollination of crops
(B) Regulation of climate
(C) Soil formation
(D) Provision of food and medicine
3. : What is an example of a regulating service that biodiversity supports?
(A) Creation of habitats
(B) Water purification
(C) Soil erosion control
(D) Genetic resources
4. : Biodiversity helps in maintaining the productivity of ecosystems by:
(A) Reducing the number of species
(B) Increasing competition among species
(C) Ensuring a variety of species that contribute to ecosystem functions
(D) Decreasing the availability of resources
5. : Which ecosystem service is directly affected by the loss of pollinators?
(A) Water purification
(B) Climate regulation
(C) Crop production
(D) Soil formation
6. : What role does biodiversity play in climate regulation?
(A) It reduces the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
(B) It increases the intensity of climate fluctuations
(C) It has no effect on climate regulation
(D) It decreases the efficiency of climate regulation processes
7. : How does biodiversity contribute to soil fertility?
(A) By reducing the number of soil organisms
(B) By increasing the erosion of topsoil
(C) By promoting nutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition
(D) By decreasing the availability of nutrients
8. : Which of the following is an example of a cultural ecosystem service?
(A) Provision of clean water
(B) Aesthetic and recreational benefits
(C) Regulation of air quality
(D) Soil stabilization
9. : How does biodiversity affect the stability of ecosystems?
(A) By making ecosystems more vulnerable to disturbances
(B) By decreasing the resilience of ecosystems
(C) By enhancing the ability of ecosystems to withstand and recover from disturbances
(D) By increasing the variability of ecosystem functions
10. : Which ecosystem service is provided by wetlands and their biodiversity?
(A) Carbon sequestration
(B) Soil erosion
(C) Pollution generation
(D) Loss of habitat
11. : What is a key benefit of biodiversity in agricultural ecosystems?
(A) Increased use of synthetic pesticides
(B) Enhanced pollination and pest control
(C) Decreased soil fertility
(D) Reduced crop yields
12. : Which of the following best describes a supporting ecosystem service?
(A) Provision of fresh water
(B) Pollination of plants
(C) Maintenance of soil fertility
(D) Regulation of greenhouse gases
13. : How does biodiversity influence ecosystem productivity?
(A) By reducing the amount of energy available to ecosystems
(B) By increasing the variety of functional roles and interactions
(C) By limiting the diversity of species in the ecosystem
(D) By decreasing the availability of resources
14. : Which service is enhanced by maintaining diverse plant species in a forest?
(A) Water filtration
(B) Soil erosion
(C) Air pollution
(D) Urban development
15. : What is the impact of losing top predators in an ecosystem?
(A) Increased biodiversity
(B) Decreased ecosystem stability
(C) Enhanced nutrient cycling
(D) Improved habitat quality
16. : Which ecosystem service involves the generation of new genetic material?
(A) Pollination
(B) Soil formation
(C) Genetic diversity
(D) Water purification
17. : Biodiversity can enhance the resilience of ecosystems by:
(A) Decreasing the number of species interactions
(B) Providing a range of species that can perform similar functions
(C) Increasing the predictability of ecosystem responses
(D) Reducing the availability of resources
18. : What role does biodiversity play in flood regulation?
(A) It increases the speed of floodwater flow
(B) It contributes to the formation of impervious surfaces
(C) It helps in the absorption and slow release of water
(D) It reduces the effectiveness of natural flood barriers
19. : How does biodiversity support the provisioning of clean air?
(A) By reducing the amount of oxygen produced
(B) By absorbing and filtering air pollutants
(C) By increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases
(D) By contributing to air pollution
20. : Which ecosystem service is related to the maintenance of genetic diversity?
(A) Provision of food
(B) Regulation of climate
(C) Support for species adaptation
(D) Soil nutrient cycling
21. : How does biodiversity impact the effectiveness of ecosystems in nutrient cycling?
(A) It decreases nutrient cycling efficiency
(B) It increases the rate of nutrient depletion
(C) It enhances nutrient uptake and recycling processes
(D) It reduces the number of nutrient cycling organisms
22. : Which of the following is a direct benefit of maintaining plant biodiversity in an ecosystem?
(A) Increased soil erosion
(B) Reduced water availability
(C) Enhanced pollination and pest control
(D) Increased habitat destruction
23. : What is an example of a regulating service provided by forests?
(A) Water purification
(B) Soil erosion control
(C) Carbon sequestration
(D) Habitat provision
24. : How does biodiversity contribute to ecosystem stability?
(A) By reducing species interactions
(B) By increasing ecosystem vulnerability
(C) By maintaining balanced species interactions
(D) By decreasing functional redundancy
25. : Which ecosystem service is most affected by deforestation?
(A) Soil fertility
(B) Carbon sequestration
(C) Water purification
(D) Pollination
26. : How does biodiversity impact the recovery of ecosystems after disturbances?
(A) It slows down recovery processes
(B) It reduces the ability of ecosystems to recover
(C) It enhances the speed and effectiveness of recovery
(D) It has no effect on recovery
27. : Which of the following is a cultural ecosystem service provided by biodiversity?
(A) Water filtration
(B) Biodiversity education and research
(C) Soil stabilization
(D) Pollination
28. : What role does biodiversity play in the regulation of pests?
(A) It reduces the effectiveness of natural pest control
(B) It increases the number of pest outbreaks
(C) It enhances the presence of natural pest predators
(D) It has no impact on pest regulation
29. : How does biodiversity contribute to the availability of medicinal resources?
(A) By decreasing the number of medicinal plants
(B) By increasing the genetic diversity of medicinal plants
(C) By reducing the effectiveness of medicinal resources
(D) By limiting the availability of medicinal plants
30. : Which ecosystem service involves the provision of habitat for wildlife?
(A) Water purification
(B) Soil formation
(C) Habitat provision
(D) Climate regulation
31. : How does biodiversity affect the cycling of nutrients in an ecosystem?
(A) By decreasing nutrient recycling processes
(B) By increasing nutrient availability and recycling
(C) By reducing the efficiency of nutrient uptake
(D) By limiting the number of nutrient cycling organisms
32. : Which service is particularly enhanced by the presence of diverse aquatic species in a wetland?
(A) Flood regulation
(B) Soil erosion control
(C) Water purification
(D) Genetic diversity
33. : How does biodiversity influence the availability of fresh water?
(A) By reducing the effectiveness of water filtration
(B) By increasing water contamination
(C) By enhancing the ability of ecosystems to filter and regulate water
(D) By decreasing the quantity of fresh water available
34. : What is a benefit of maintaining biodiversity in urban environments?
(A) Increased pollution
(B) Reduced green space
(C) Improved air quality and recreational opportunities
(D) Decreased habitat quality
35. : How does biodiversity contribute to ecosystem productivity in a coral reef?
(A) By limiting the number of coral species
(B) By increasing nutrient depletion
(C) By supporting complex food webs and nutrient cycling
(D) By reducing the diversity of marine life
36. : Which ecosystem service is enhanced by preserving a variety of soil organisms?
(A) Climate regulation
(B) Soil fertility and structure
(C) Water purification
(D) Air quality
37. : What role does biodiversity play in the resilience of agricultural systems?
(A) It decreases the effectiveness of crop pollination
(B) It increases susceptibility to crop pests
(C) It supports ecosystem functions such as pollination and pest control
(D) It has no impact on agricultural resilience
38. : Which of the following is an example of a provisioning service in marine ecosystems?
(A) Regulation of ocean temperature
(B) Provision of seafood
(C) Protection from coastal erosion
(D) Carbon sequestration
39. : How does biodiversity influence the regulation of disease in ecosystems?
(A) By reducing the number of disease vectors
(B) By increasing the spread of diseases
(C) By limiting the effectiveness of disease regulation
(D) By decreasing the diversity of disease vectors
40. : What is an example of a regulating service provided by mangroves?
(A) Soil formation
(B) Carbon sequestration
(C) Provision of medicinal resources
(D) Water purification
41. : How does biodiversity contribute to the overall health of ecosystems?
(A) By decreasing ecosystem stability
(B) By enhancing ecosystem functions and services
(C) By reducing the number of species interactions
(D) By limiting the availability of resources
42. : Which ecosystem service is impacted by the loss of riparian vegetation?
(A) Water purification
(B) Soil erosion control
(C) Pollination
(D) Carbon sequestration
43. : What is a key benefit of maintaining plant and animal diversity in a grassland ecosystem?
(A) Increased soil erosion
(B) Enhanced soil fertility and resilience
(C) Reduced habitat complexity
(D) Increased invasive species
44. : How does biodiversity affect the capacity of ecosystems to adapt to climate change?
(A) By reducing adaptive capacity
(B) By increasing genetic and species diversity that supports adaptation
(C) By limiting species migration
(D) By decreasing ecosystem resilience
45. : Which ecosystem service is directly related to the presence of decomposers?
(A) Nutrient cycling
(B) Pollination
(C) Water purification
(D) Carbon sequestration