1. : Which of the following is the primary producer in marine ecosystems?
(A) Phytoplankton
(B) Zooplankton
(C) Fish
(D) Sharks
2. : Coral reefs are often referred to as the “rainforests of the sea” due to their:
(A) High biodiversity and complex structure
(B) Large size
(C) Lack of species diversity
(D) Cold water temperature
3. : Which marine zone is characterized by the presence of deep-sea organisms and high pressure?
(A) Abyssal zone
(B) Intertidal zone
(C) Neritic zone
(D) Pelagic zone
4. : What role do mangroves play in marine ecosystems?
(A) They provide critical habitat and act as a buffer against coastal erosion
(B) They support deep-sea fish
(C) They filter water in the open ocean
(D) They serve as a breeding ground for pelagic fish
5. : Which of the following is a major threat to marine biodiversity?
(A) Overfishing
(B) Ocean currents
(C) Marine snow
(D) Coral spawning
6. : Which marine organism is known for its role in the formation of coral reefs?
(A) Coral polyps
(B) Jellyfish
(C) Sea urchins
(D) Squid
7. : The term “bycatch” refers to:
(A) Unintended catch of non-target species during fishing
(B) The process of catching targeted species
(C) The harvest of seaweed
(D) A technique to increase fish yields
8. : Which of the following is NOT a function of marine ecosystems?
(A) Carbon sequestration
(B) Water purification
(C) Soil formation
(D) Climate regulation
9. : What is the primary source of energy for hydrothermal vent ecosystems?
(A) Chemosynthesis
(B) Photosynthesis
(C) Wind energy
(D) Ocean currents
10. : Which marine habitat is characterized by low light levels and high pressure?
(A) Deep-sea floor
(B) Coral reef
(C) Estuary
(D) Kelp forest
11. : Which of the following is an example of a keystone species in marine ecosystems?
(A) Sea otters
(B) Blue whales
(C) Jellyfish
(D) Sea cucumbers
12. : The “dead zone” in marine environments is caused by:
(A) Hypoxia resulting from nutrient pollution
(B) Overfishing
(C) Oil spills
(D) Coastal development
13. : What is the main cause of ocean acidification?
(A) Increased carbon dioxide levels
(B) Increased salinity
(C) Overfishing
(D) Oil spills
14. : Which marine species is known for its role in maintaining the health of seagrass beds?
(A) Manatees
(B) Sharks
(C) Tuna
(D) Sea turtles
15. : Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the intertidal zone?
(A) Fluctuating temperatures
(B) Exposure to air
(C) High biodiversity
(D) Constant high salinity
16. : The “Great Pacific Garbage Patch” is primarily composed of:
(A) Plastic debris
(B) Organic material
(C) Metal waste
(D) Glass bottles
17. : What is the role of phytoplankton in marine ecosystems?
(A) They produce oxygen and form the base of the marine food web
(B) They act as predators
(C) They are decomposers
(D) They are top-level consumers
18. : Which of the following species is a primary consumer in a marine food web?
(A) Krill
(B) Seal
(C) Shark
(D) Orca
19. : Which factor is most likely to influence the distribution of marine species?
(A) Temperature and salinity
(B) Wind speed
(C) Air pressure
(D) Soil type
20. : Which marine ecosystem is known for its high productivity and support of diverse species?
(A) Coral reefs
(B) Open ocean
(C) Abyssal plain
(D) Mid-ocean ridge
21. : In marine environments, the term “benthic” refers to:
(A) The seafloor and the organisms living on or in it
(B) The water column
(C) Coastal wetlands
(D) Open ocean habitats
22. : What is the primary impact of climate change on marine ecosystems?
(A) Rising sea temperatures and ocean acidification
(B) Increased water salinity
(C) Decreased water levels
(D) Increased nutrient levels
23. : The “photic zone” in marine ecosystems is characterized by:
(A) The presence of sufficient light for photosynthesis
(B) Complete darkness
(C) High pressure
(D) Cold temperatures
24. : Which of the following is an example of a top predator in marine ecosystems?
(A) Great white shark
(B) Sea urchin
(C) Coral
(D) Plankton
25. : What is the primary threat to seagrass meadows?
(A) Coastal development and pollution
(B) Ocean currents
(C) Deep-sea mining
(D) Increased salinity
26. : Which marine zone is known for having the highest species diversity?
(A) Coral reef
(B) Open ocean
(C) Abyssal zone
(D) Estuary
27. : Which factor contributes to the formation of coral reefs?
(A) Symbiotic relationships between coral polyps and zooxanthellae
(B) High turbidity
(C) Low temperatures
(D) Strong ocean currents
28. : Which marine habitat is crucial for the early life stages of many fish species?
(A) Mangrove forests
(B) Open ocean
(C) Abyssal plains
(D) Coral reefs
29. : The term “marine snow” refers to:
(A) Organic particles falling from the upper ocean to the seafloor
(B) Icebergs in polar regions
(C) White algae blooms
(D) Pollutants floating on the ocean surface
30. : Which of the following is a primary factor influencing coral bleaching events?
(A) Elevated sea temperatures
(B) Increased nutrient levels
(C) Ocean currents
(D) Coastal erosion
31. : Who was the first Prime Minister of Pakistan?
(A) Khawaja Nazimuddin
(B) Liaquat Ali Khan
(C) Muhammad Ali Bogra
(D) Chaudhry Muhammad Ali
32. : When did Liaquat Ali Khan’s tenure as Prime Minister of Pakistan end?
(A) Oct 16, 1951
(B) Aug 14, 1947
(C) Apr 17, 1953
(D) Oct 17, 1957