1. : What term describes the variety of different species living in a forest ecosystem?
(A) Biodiversity
(B) Biomass
(C) Primary productivity
(D) Succession
2. : Which forest type is characterized by high annual rainfall and diverse plant and animal species?
(A) Temperate forest
(B) Boreal forest
(C) Tropical rainforest
(D) Deciduous forest
3. : What is the primary role of decomposers in a forest ecosystem?
(A) Producing oxygen
(B) Recycling nutrients
(C) Photosynthesis
(D) Providing shelter
4. : Which type of forest management focuses on maximizing timber production while minimizing environmental impact?
(A) Sustainable forestry
(B) Clear-cutting
(C) Selective logging
(D) Agroforestry
5. : Which forest disturbance is caused by insect outbreaks, resulting in widespread tree mortality?
(A) Wildfire
(B) Deforestation
(C) Pest infestation
(D) Logging
6. : What is the term for the gradual process of change in species composition and ecosystem structure in a forest over time?
(A) Succession
(B) Biodiversity
(C) Adaptation
(D) Fragmentation
7. : Which forest management practice involves the removal of all trees in an area at once?
(A) Shelterwood cutting
(B) Clear-cutting
(C) Selective cutting
(D) Thinning
8. : What type of forest has trees that shed their leaves annually?
(A) Tropical rainforest
(B) Temperate deciduous forest
(C) Boreal forest
(D) Mangrove forest
9. : Which ecosystem service provided by forests involves the absorption and storage of carbon dioxide?
(A) Water filtration
(B) Soil erosion control
(C) Carbon sequestration
(D) Pollination
10. : Which term refers to the practice of managing forests for multiple uses, including timber, recreation, and wildlife habitat?
(A) Multi-use management
(B) Conservation management
(C) Sustainable management
(D) Intensive forestry
11. : What is the primary cause of deforestation in tropical rainforests?
(A) Natural wildfires
(B) Urban expansion
(C) Agricultural expansion
(D) Conservation efforts
12. : Which forest type is characterized by evergreen coniferous trees and cold temperatures?
(A) Tropical rainforest
(B) Temperate deciduous forest
(C) Boreal forest
(D) Mediterranean forest
13. : Which forest management technique aims to maintain biodiversity by mimicking natural disturbances?
(A) Adaptive management
(B) Agroforestry
(C) Natural disturbance-based management
(D) Intensive plantation
14. : What is the primary goal of forest conservation efforts?
(A) Maximizing timber yield
(B) Protecting forest ecosystems and biodiversity
(C) Increasing land for agriculture
(D) Expanding urban areas
15. : Which term refers to the practice of planting trees in areas where forests have been cut down or degraded?
(A) Reforestation
(B) Afforestation
(C) Agroforestry
(D) Silviculture
16. : Which type of forest has high biodiversity but is characterized by poor, nutrient-poor soils?
(A) Temperate rainforest
(B) Tropical rainforest
(C) Boreal forest
(D) Savanna
17. : What is the term for the practice of managing forests to meet present and future needs without compromising their health and productivity?
(A) Sustainable forestry
(B) Intensive agriculture
(C) Clear-cutting
(D) Habitat destruction
18. : Which forest layer contains the majority of a forest’s plant and animal diversity?
(A) Forest floor
(B) Understory
(C) Canopy
(D) Emergent layer
19. : What is the primary ecological role of forest canopies in tropical rainforests?
(A) Providing habitat for ground-dwelling species
(B) Protecting soil from erosion
(C) Creating a microclimate for understory plants
(D) Enhancing nutrient cycling
20. : Which forest management approach involves selective removal of mature or diseased trees while leaving younger trees to grow?
(A) Clear-cutting
(B) Shelterwood cutting
(C) Selective logging
(D) Coppicing
21. : What is the primary purpose of forest thinning?
(A) To increase biodiversity
(B) To reduce competition among trees
(C) To restore soil nutrients
(D) To prevent forest fires
22. : Which term describes the variety of ecosystems and habitats within a forest?
(A) Structural diversity
(B) Functional diversity
(C) Species diversity
(D) Ecological succession
23. : What is the main effect of invasive species on forest ecosystems?
(A) Increase in native species diversity
(B) Improved soil quality
(C) Disruption of ecological balance
(D) Enhancement of forest productivity
24. : Which forest management practice involves creating a mosaic of different-aged stands to promote biodiversity?
(A) Even-aged management
(B) Uneven-aged management
(C) Clear-cutting
(D) Shelterwood cutting
25. : What is the term for the removal of trees and other vegetation to create open spaces for agricultural use or urban development?
(A) Reforestation
(B) Deforestation
(C) Afforestation
(D) Agroforestry
26. : Which forest type is adapted to periodic fires and has species that are resistant to fire?
(A) Tropical rainforest
(B) Boreal forest
(C) Mediterranean forest
(D) Temperate deciduous forest
27. : Which practice involves integrating trees and shrubs into agricultural systems to improve productivity and sustainability?
(A) Reforestation
(B) Agroforestry
(C) Clear-cutting
(D) Shelterwood cutting
28. : What is the purpose of creating forest reserves or protected areas?
(A) To increase timber production
(B) To conserve natural habitats and biodiversity
(C) To expand urban development
(D) To facilitate recreational activities
29. : Which forest management strategy aims to reduce the risk of large-scale forest fires?
(A) Clear-cutting
(B) Prescribed burning
(C) Reforestation
(D) Agroforestry
30. : What is the primary benefit of maintaining a forest buffer zone around water bodies?
(A) To increase logging opportunities
(B) To protect water quality and reduce erosion
(C) To promote urban expansion
(D) To enhance recreational activities