Pathophysiology MCQs for nursing

1. : Which of the following is a common symptom of left-sided heart failure?
(A) Peripheral edema
(B) Jugular vein distention
(C) Pulmonary congestion
(D) Hepatomegaly

2. : Which hormone is responsible for the regulation of blood glucose levels?
(A) Thyroxine
(B) Insulin
(C) Cortisol
(D) Adrenaline

3. : What is the primary cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
(A) Genetic factors
(B) Air pollution
(C) Tobacco smoke
(D) Occupational dust

4. : Which electrolyte imbalance is associated with hyperkalemia?
(A) Decreased potassium
(B) Increased sodium
(C) Increased potassium
(D) Decreased calcium

5. : What condition is characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells?
(A) Multiple myeloma
(B) Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
(C) Hodgkin lymphoma
(D) Leukemia

6. : Which type of diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance?
(A) Type 1 diabetes
(B) Type 2 diabetes
(C) Gestational diabetes
(D) Diabetes insipidus

7. : What is the primary pathological feature of Alzheimer’s disease?
(A) Demyelination of neurons
(B) Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles
(C) Lewy bodies
(D) Loss of motor neurons

8. : Which of the following is a common symptom of hypothyroidism?
(A) Weight loss
(B) Heat intolerance
(C) Weight gain
(D) Tachycardia

9. : What is the main cause of myocardial infarction?
(A) Coronary artery spasm
(B) Hypertension
(C) Atherosclerosis
(D) Cardiomyopathy

10. : Which condition is characterized by inflammation of the pancreas?
(A) Hepatitis
(B) Pancreatitis
(C) Cholecystitis
(D) Gastritis

11. : Which autoimmune disorder is characterized by chronic inflammation of the joints?
(A) Osteoarthritis
(B) Rheumatoid arthritis
(C) Gout
(D) Lupus

12. : Which electrolyte imbalance is associated with hypocalcemia?
(A) Increased calcium
(B) Decreased sodium
(C) Increased potassium
(D) Decreased calcium

13. : What is the primary cause of cirrhosis of the liver?
(A) Viral hepatitis
(B) Alcohol abuse
(C) Fatty liver disease
(D) Autoimmune hepatitis

14. : Which disorder is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia?
(A) Hypothyroidism
(B) Hyperthyroidism
(C) Diabetes mellitus
(D) Addison’s disease

15. : Which condition is associated with the destruction of the myelin sheath in the central nervous system?
(A) Parkinson’s disease
(B) Alzheimer’s disease
(C) Multiple sclerosis
(D) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

16. : Which of the following is a risk factor for developing deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
(A) Prolonged immobility
(B) High cholesterol
(C) Hypotension
(D) Anemia

17. : What is the most common cause of peptic ulcer disease?
(A) Stress
(B) Spicy food
(C) Helicobacter pylori infection
(D) Excessive alcohol consumption

18. : Which condition is characterized by the excessive production of cortisol?
(A) Addison’s disease
(B) Cushing’s syndrome
(C) Hyperthyroidism
(D) Hypothyroidism

19. : What is the main pathological feature of Parkinson’s disease?
(A) Loss of dopamine-producing neurons
(B) Accumulation of amyloid plaques
(C) Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
(D) Chronic inflammation of the synovium