Injury Mechanics and Prevention – MCQs

1. Injury biomechanics primarily studies:
(A) Psychological causes of accidents
(B) Mechanical forces causing tissue damage
(C) Nutritional effects on recovery
(D) Emotional stress at work

2. Which factor determines injury severity?
(A) Magnitude, duration, and direction of force
(B) Worker’s mood
(C) Air temperature
(D) Noise level

3. Tissue tolerance refers to:
(A) The maximum stress tissue can withstand before failure
(B) Emotional endurance
(C) Ability to adapt to climate
(D) Muscle fatigue rate

4. Whiplash injuries are most often associated with:
(A) Rapid acceleration-deceleration of the neck
(B) Shoulder overuse
(C) Twisting ankle
(D) Muscle fatigue

5. Bone fractures occur when:
(A) Applied stress exceeds bone strength
(B) Tendons relax
(C) Blood supply increases
(D) Muscle contracts normally

6. Concussion is primarily caused by:
(A) Brain impact or rapid acceleration
(B) Slow breathing
(C) Hand sprain
(D) Muscle soreness

7. Ligaments are most vulnerable to injury under:
(A) Excessive tensile loading
(B) Compressive forces
(C) Balanced stretching
(D) Controlled exercise

8. Prevention of ACL injury often involves:
(A) Neuromuscular training and strengthening
(B) Smoking cessation
(C) Increased dietary sugar
(D) Vision correction

9. Injury risk is higher when:
(A) Force is applied quickly and unexpectedly
(B) Force is gradual and controlled
(C) Muscles are warmed up
(D) Proper posture is used

10. Stress fractures are caused by:
(A) Repetitive sub-threshold loading
(B) One-time high impact
(C) Complete rest
(D) Poor nutrition alone

11. Which tissues have lowest tolerance to compression?
(A) Nerves
(B) Bone
(C) Cartilage
(D) Ligaments

12. Overuse injuries are also called:
(A) Cumulative trauma disorders
(B) Acute fractures
(C) Sudden injuries
(D) Burns

13. Which injury mechanism involves twisting forces?
(A) Torsional loading
(B) Compression
(C) Shear
(D) Tension

14. Preventive warm-up routines reduce injury by:
(A) Increasing tissue elasticity and blood flow
(B) Making tissues rigid
(C) Reducing metabolism
(D) Decreasing endurance

15. The injury threshold for lumbar spine compression is around:
(A) 3400 N
(B) 500 N
(C) 120 N
(D) 100 N

16. Which type of force causes shear injury?
(A) Parallel sliding forces
(B) Direct tension
(C) Pure compression
(D) Twisting only

17. Chronic injuries develop due to:
(A) Repetitive low-level stress
(B) One sudden trauma
(C) Resting for too long
(D) Quick reflexes

18. Helmets reduce head injury risk by:
(A) Absorbing and dissipating impact forces
(B) Increasing impact velocity
(C) Restricting blood flow
(D) Strengthening neck muscles only

19. Carpal tunnel syndrome results from:
(A) Repetitive wrist flexion/extension
(B) Head impact
(C) Shoulder dislocation
(D) Knee valgus

20. Sprain refers to injury of:
(A) Ligaments
(B) Muscle fibers
(C) Tendons
(D) Nerves

21. Strain refers to injury of:
(A) Muscle or tendon
(B) Ligament
(C) Bone
(D) Cartilage

22. Injury prevention in sports often uses:
(A) Proper technique and protective equipment
(B) Excessive training without rest
(C) Ignoring fatigue
(D) Overloading tissues

23. The “load-deformation curve” in biomechanics describes:
(A) How tissue responds to applied forces
(B) Muscle contraction speed
(C) Air pressure vs. lung volume
(D) Heart rate vs. workload

24. The elastic region of tissue loading means:
(A) Tissue returns to original shape after load removal
(B) Permanent deformation occurs
(C) Tissue breaks
(D) Blood supply is cut off

25. Permanent tissue damage occurs in which region?
(A) Plastic region
(B) Elastic region
(C) Resting region
(D) Safe zone

26. Injury risk increases when:
(A) Load exceeds ultimate failure point
(B) Load is sub-threshold
(C) Warm-up is done
(D) Proper ergonomics are applied

27. Sudden deceleration injuries are often seen in:
(A) Motor vehicle crashes
(B) Walking slowly
(C) Sleeping
(D) Controlled stretching

28. Preventing workplace lifting injuries includes:
(A) Ergonomic training and mechanical aids
(B) Random lifting
(C) Ignoring weight limits
(D) Twisting with load

29. The most common site of sports overuse injury is:
(A) Knee joint
(B) Neck
(C) Wrist
(D) Skull

30. Which is a primary prevention strategy?
(A) Avoiding high-risk movements before injury occurs
(B) Surgery after injury
(C) Pain management post-injury
(D) Rehabilitation only

31. Which factor improves tissue injury tolerance?
(A) Progressive training and conditioning
(B) Sudden overloading
(C) Fatigue
(D) Cold exposure

32. The viscoelastic property of tissues means:
(A) Time-dependent response to stress
(B) Immediate fracture
(C) No deformation under load
(D) Instant recovery

33. Which of the following is a tertiary prevention measure?
(A) Rehabilitation to restore function after injury
(B) Wearing protective gear before sport
(C) Injury risk education
(D) Proper warm-up

34. Common mechanism of disc herniation is:
(A) Repetitive flexion and compression
(B) Walking slowly
(C) Resting supine
(D) Standing still

35. Injury due to high-speed projectiles is primarily caused by:
(A) Penetrating trauma
(B) Low strain rate
(C) Controlled loading
(D) Elastic recovery

36. Injury prevention programs in children should emphasize:
(A) Proper movement technique and safe play
(B) Ignoring supervision
(C) Excessive training
(D) Avoiding rest

37. The ultimate goal of injury prevention is:
(A) Reduce incidence and severity of injuries
(B) Increase tissue damage
(C) Delay treatment
(D) Improve only surgical outcomes

38. An example of a secondary prevention strategy is:
(A) Early detection and prompt treatment of injuries
(B) Use of protective gear before injury
(C) Rehabilitation after injury
(D) Risk education

39. Which factor most affects fracture risk in elderly?
(A) Reduced bone mineral density
(B) Muscle hypertrophy
(C) Strong ligaments
(D) Fast reflexes

40. In ergonomics, reducing awkward postures prevents:
(A) Musculoskeletal injuries
(B) Improved vision
(C) Hearing loss
(D) Respiratory issues

41. The stretch-shortening cycle in muscles helps in:
(A) Injury prevention by storing elastic energy
(B) Ligament tear
(C) Muscle rupture
(D) Disc herniation

42. A common workplace repetitive strain injury is:
(A) Tendinitis
(B) Concussion
(C) Whiplash
(D) Hip fracture

43. Which type of footwear reduces lower limb injuries in running?
(A) Proper cushioned shoes
(B) High heels
(C) Worn-out shoes
(D) No shoes at all (on hard surfaces)

44. Overtraining increases injury risk because:
(A) Tissues lack time for recovery
(B) Muscles adapt stronger
(C) Joints stabilize more
(D) Blood circulation improves

45. The injury tolerance of children’s bones is different because:
(A) Bones are more flexible and less brittle
(B) Bones are stronger than adults
(C) They have higher mineral density
(D) They do not deform

46. Injury risk due to falls can be minimized by:
(A) Balance training and environmental safety
(B) Ignoring obstacles
(C) Running on slippery floors
(D) Weak footwear

47. Which force is most dangerous for brain injury?
(A) Rotational acceleration
(B) Constant pressure
(C) Static load
(D) Linear low-speed motion

48. A common acute injury in contact sports is:
(A) Shoulder dislocation
(B) Stress fracture
(C) Tendinitis
(D) Disc degeneration

49. Prevention of occupational back injuries includes:
(A) Training in proper lifting mechanics
(B) Ignoring load limits
(C) Repeated twisting under load
(D) No use of aids

50. Injury biomechanics helps in prevention by:
(A) Identifying risk factors and designing safer systems
(B) Ignoring forces
(C) Avoiding ergonomics
(D) Removing protective equipment