Biomechanics of Lower Limb – MCQs

1. The hip joint is classified as:
(A) Hinge joint
(B) Ball-and-socket joint
(C) Plane joint
(D) Pivot joint

2. The primary function of the acetabular labrum is:
(A) Deepen hip socket and increase stability
(B) Flex the knee
(C) Extend the ankle
(D) Rotate the pelvis

3. The knee joint is a:
(A) Modified hinge joint
(B) Saddle joint
(C) Ball-and-socket joint
(D) Plane joint

4. The menisci of the knee function to:
(A) Absorb shock and improve joint congruency
(B) Rotate the tibia
(C) Strengthen the patella
(D) Prevent ACL injuries

5. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) prevents:
(A) Anterior translation of tibia on femur
(B) Posterior translation of tibia on femur
(C) Valgus stress
(D) Varus stress

6. The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) prevents:
(A) Posterior translation of tibia on femur
(B) Anterior translation of femur on tibia
(C) Valgus collapse
(D) Lateral shift of patella

7. The patella increases:
(A) Lever arm of quadriceps
(B) Stability of hip
(C) Length of tibia
(D) Hamstring strength

8. The ankle joint is primarily a:
(A) Hinge joint
(B) Ball-and-socket joint
(C) Plane joint
(D) Saddle joint

9. Plantarflexion and dorsiflexion occur at the:
(A) Talocrural joint
(B) Subtalar joint
(C) Midtarsal joint
(D) Metatarsophalangeal joint

10. Inversion and eversion occur at the:
(A) Subtalar joint
(B) Talocrural joint
(C) Knee joint
(D) Hip joint

11. The iliotibial band provides stability to the:
(A) Lateral knee
(B) Medial ankle
(C) Hip joint only
(D) Pelvis only

12. The quadriceps are primary movers for:
(A) Knee extension
(B) Knee flexion
(C) Hip extension
(D) Hip abduction

13. The hamstrings are responsible for:
(A) Knee flexion and hip extension
(B) Knee extension and hip flexion
(C) Ankle dorsiflexion
(D) Pelvis stabilization only

14. The gastrocnemius crosses:
(A) Knee and ankle joints
(B) Hip joint only
(C) Subtalar joint only
(D) Toes only

15. The soleus acts mainly during:
(A) Plantarflexion in standing
(B) Dorsiflexion during swing
(C) Hip extension
(D) Knee flexion

16. The gluteus medius is a prime mover of:
(A) Hip abduction
(B) Hip flexion
(C) Hip extension
(D) Knee extension

17. Weakness of the gluteus medius results in:
(A) Trendelenburg gait
(B) Vaulting gait
(C) Steppage gait
(D) Antalgic gait

18. The main stabilizer of the medial knee is the:
(A) Medial collateral ligament (MCL)
(B) Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
(C) ACL
(D) PCL

19. The main stabilizer of the lateral knee is the:
(A) Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
(B) MCL
(C) ACL
(D) Meniscus

20. The windlass mechanism involves tightening of:
(A) Plantar fascia during toe extension
(B) Achilles tendon during plantarflexion
(C) IT band during hip flexion
(D) Hamstrings during knee extension

21. The hip adductors are active during:
(A) Gait stance phase
(B) Arm swing
(C) Spinal extension
(D) Shoulder abduction

22. Tibialis anterior is a prime mover for:
(A) Dorsiflexion
(B) Plantarflexion
(C) Inversion
(D) Eversion

23. Peroneus longus assists in:
(A) Eversion and plantarflexion
(B) Inversion only
(C) Dorsiflexion only
(D) Knee extension

24. The calcaneus functions as a:
(A) Lever arm for plantarflexors
(B) Flexor pulley
(C) Patella substitute
(D) Axial stabilizer

25. The Q-angle is greater in:
(A) Females
(B) Males
(C) Children
(D) Elderly

26. The ACL is commonly injured in:
(A) Non-contact pivoting movements
(B) Swimming
(C) Cycling
(D) Walking slowly

27. The screw-home mechanism occurs in the:
(A) Knee joint
(B) Hip joint
(C) Ankle joint
(D) Subtalar joint

28. The screw-home mechanism refers to:
(A) Tibial external rotation in terminal extension
(B) Tibial internal rotation during flexion
(C) Hip adduction during stance
(D) Ankle inversion

29. The Achilles tendon is the:
(A) Strongest tendon in the body
(B) Weakest tendon in the body
(C) Shortest tendon in the body
(D) Smallest tendon in the body

30. The plantar arches provide:
(A) Shock absorption and weight distribution
(B) Hip stability
(C) Knee rotation
(D) Spinal extension

31. The medial arch is supported by the:
(A) Spring ligament
(B) LCL
(C) ACL
(D) IT band

32. The lateral arch is stabilized mainly by the:
(A) Long plantar ligament
(B) PCL
(C) Deltoid ligament
(D) Meniscus

33. Genu valgum describes:
(A) Knock knees
(B) Bow legs
(C) Hyperextended knees
(D) Locked knees

34. Genu varum describes:
(A) Bow legs
(B) Knock knees
(C) Hyperextension
(D) Weak arches

35. Excessive pronation of the foot can lead to:
(A) Medial knee stress
(B) Lateral hip stress
(C) Increased wrist pain
(D) Shoulder instability

36. During gait, plantarflexors are most active in:
(A) Push-off phase
(B) Swing phase
(C) Heel strike
(D) Midstance only

37. Hip flexors are most active during:
(A) Swing phase
(B) Stance phase
(C) Heel strike only
(D) Push-off

38. Quadriceps control knee flexion during:
(A) Heel strike and loading response
(B) Midstance
(C) Push-off
(D) Swing phase

39. Hamstrings decelerate the leg during:
(A) Terminal swing
(B) Heel strike
(C) Push-off
(D) Midstance

40. The gluteus maximus is most active during:
(A) Initial stance and rising from sitting
(B) Swing phase
(C) Toe-off only
(D) Plantarflexion

41. Coxa vara is a condition where:
(A) Decreased femoral neck-shaft angle
(B) Increased femoral neck-shaft angle
(C) Knee valgus
(D) Knee varus

42. Coxa valga is:
(A) Increased femoral neck-shaft angle
(B) Decreased femoral angle
(C) Flat feet
(D) Bow legs

43. The pelvis tilts anteriorly during:
(A) Hip flexion
(B) Hip extension
(C) Knee flexion
(D) Ankle dorsiflexion

44. Pelvic drop on one side is prevented by:
(A) Contralateral gluteus medius
(B) Ipsilateral quadriceps
(C) Hamstrings
(D) Gastrocnemius

45. The tibiofibular joints provide:
(A) Stability for ankle mortise
(B) Knee flexion
(C) Hip rotation
(D) Arch support

46. The talus transmits:
(A) Body weight to calcaneus
(B) Hip rotation forces
(C) Only muscular tension
(D) No mechanical load

47. Overuse injury of the tibialis anterior is:
(A) Shin splints
(B) Plantar fasciitis
(C) Achilles rupture
(D) IT band syndrome

48. Plantar fasciitis is caused by:
(A) Inflammation of plantar fascia
(B) Tear of meniscus
(C) IT band friction
(D) ACL sprain

49. The popliteus muscle unlocks the knee by:
(A) Medial rotation of tibia
(B) Lateral rotation of tibia
(C) Extension of tibia
(D) Flexion of femur

50. Functional biomechanics of the lower limb emphasize:
(A) Stability and mobility for gait and weight-bearing
(B) Arm swing mechanics
(C) Wrist motion
(D) Shoulder stability only