Balance and Coordination – MCQs

1. Balance refers to:
(A) Ability to maintain the center of gravity over the base of support
(B) Muscle strength only
(C) Joint flexibility only
(D) Vision only

2. Coordination refers to:
(A) Smooth and efficient movement of muscles and joints
(B) Maintaining posture only
(C) Balance only
(D) Muscle strength only

3. The center of gravity (COG) is:
(A) The point where body weight is concentrated
(B) The joint axis
(C) Base of support
(D) Muscle origin

4. The base of support (BOS) is:
(A) Area beneath the body that supports weight
(B) COG
(C) Joint axis
(D) Muscle insertion point

5. Static balance refers to:
(A) Maintaining balance while stationary
(B) Maintaining balance during movement
(C) Walking
(D) Running

6. Dynamic balance refers to:
(A) Maintaining balance during movement
(B) Standing still
(C) Sitting only
(D) Lying down

7. Postural sway is:
(A) Slight movement of body to maintain balance
(B) Loss of posture
(C) Muscle fatigue
(D) Joint instability

8. Sensory systems contributing to balance include:
(A) Visual, vestibular, and somatosensory
(B) Only visual
(C) Only vestibular
(D) Only auditory

9. The vestibular system helps balance by:
(A) Detecting head position and motion
(B) Flexing the knees
(C) Stabilizing hands
(D) Controlling respiration

10. Visual input contributes to balance by:
(A) Providing orientation to the environment
(B) Controlling muscle strength
(C) Activating joints
(D) Increasing reflexes

11. Somatosensory input contributes to balance by:
(A) Providing feedback from muscles, joints, and skin
(B) Controlling vision
(C) Maintaining posture only
(D) Activating reflexes only

12. The ankle strategy is used during:
(A) Small perturbations
(B) Large perturbations
(C) Running only
(D) Jumping only

13. The hip strategy is used during:
(A) Large perturbations
(B) Small perturbations
(C) Standing on a wide base
(D) Sitting only

14. The stepping strategy is applied when:
(A) Balance is lost and a step is needed to prevent falling
(B) Small adjustments are sufficient
(C) Only upper body moves
(D) Vision is impaired

15. Anticipatory balance involves:
(A) Preparing muscles before movement
(B) Reacting after a perturbation
(C) Maintaining static posture only
(D) Vision stabilization only

16. Reactive balance involves:
(A) Responding to perturbations
(B) Maintaining static posture only
(C) Vision only
(D) Reflexes only

17. Balance can be improved by:
(A) Strength, flexibility, proprioception, and coordination exercises
(B) Only rest
(C) Only medication
(D) Only diet

18. Coordination requires:
(A) Smooth integration of sensory, motor, and cognitive systems
(B) Only muscle strength
(C) Only vision
(D) Only reflexes

19. Fine motor coordination involves:
(A) Small muscle movements, e.g., writing
(B) Walking
(C) Running
(D) Jumping

20. Gross motor coordination involves:
(A) Large muscle movements, e.g., walking, running
(B) Finger movements only
(C) Eye movements only
(D) Facial movements only

21. Cerebellum is primarily responsible for:
(A) Coordination and balance
(B) Vision
(C) Hearing
(D) Respiration

22. Basal ganglia contributes to:
(A) Postural control and smooth movement
(B) Muscle strength only
(C) Reflexes only
(D) Vision only

23. Sensory input from proprioceptors helps balance by:
(A) Providing joint and muscle position information
(B) Controlling heart rate
(C) Activating respiration
(D) Flexing joints only

24. Romberg test evaluates:
(A) Balance and proprioception
(B) Muscle strength only
(C) Vision only
(D) Coordination only

25. Functional reach test assesses:
(A) Dynamic balance
(B) Static posture
(C) Strength only
(D) Vision only

26. Berg Balance Scale is used for:
(A) Assessing balance in older adults
(B) Assessing vision
(C) Assessing muscle tone only
(D) Reflex testing

27. Tandem walking challenges:
(A) Dynamic balance and coordination
(B) Static posture
(C) Vision only
(D) Reflexes only

28. One-leg stance test evaluates:
(A) Static balance and postural control
(B) Strength only
(C) Coordination only
(D) Reflexes only

29. Ataxic gait is characterized by:
(A) Wide base of support and uncoordinated movements
(B) Normal gait
(C) Shuffling steps only
(D) Circumduction only

30. Cerebellar lesions typically cause:
(A) Impaired balance and coordination
(B) Muscle weakness only
(C) Vision loss
(D) Reflex loss only

31. Vestibular dysfunction may lead to:
(A) Dizziness, imbalance, and fall risk
(B) Muscle hypertrophy
(C) Increased stride length
(D) Improved gait speed

32. Sensory integration training improves:
(A) Balance and coordination
(B) Muscle mass only
(C) Heart rate only
(D) Vision only

33. Postural sway increases with:
(A) Narrow base of support, eyes closed, fatigue
(B) Wide base of support
(C) Strong muscles
(D) Good vision

34. Proprioceptive training includes:
(A) Balance boards, foam surfaces, and eyes-closed exercises
(B) Only weightlifting
(C) Only running
(D) Only stretching

35. Coordination exercises include:
(A) Finger-to-nose, heel-to-shin, and ball-catching activities
(B) Only squats
(C) Only running
(D) Only stretching

36. Anticipatory postural adjustments occur:
(A) Before voluntary movement
(B) After a perturbation
(C) Only during sitting
(D) Only during vision tasks

37. Reactive postural adjustments occur:
(A) After perturbation to restore balance
(B) Before movement
(C) Only during vision tasks
(D) Only during breathing

38. Age-related changes in balance include:
(A) Slower reaction time, reduced strength, increased sway
(B) Faster reflexes
(C) Increased stride length
(D) Improved coordination

39. Fatigue affects balance by:
(A) Increasing sway and fall risk
(B) Improving posture
(C) Enhancing coordination
(D) Reducing COG

40. Visual impairment affects balance by:
(A) Reducing spatial orientation and stability
(B) Increasing stride length
(C) Improving muscle strength
(D) Enhancing reflexes

41. Vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) helps balance by:
(A) Stabilizing vision during head movements
(B) Strengthening muscles
(C) Increasing stride length
(D) Flexing joints

42. Sensory reweighting refers to:
(A) Adjusting reliance on vision, vestibular, and proprioception for balance
(B) Weightlifting only
(C) Running only
(D) Breathing adjustment

43. Foam and balance board training targets:
(A) Proprioception and postural control
(B) Vision only
(C) Muscle strength only
(D) Cardiorespiratory endurance only

44. Functional gait training improves:
(A) Dynamic balance and coordination
(B) Only static posture
(C) Only flexibility
(D) Only endurance

45. Dual-task balance training involves:
(A) Performing cognitive or motor tasks while maintaining balance
(B) Standing only
(C) Sitting only
(D) Running only

46. Fall risk assessment is important for:
(A) Older adults and neurologically impaired patients
(B) Healthy athletes only
(C) Children only
(D) Vision testing only

47. Romberg sign positive indicates:
(A) Proprioceptive deficit
(B) Muscle weakness only
(C) Visual deficit only
(D) Vestibular deficit only

48. Balance training frequency for improvement is typically:
(A) 3–5 times per week
(B) Once per month
(C) Daily without progression
(D) Once per year

49. Coordination deficits may result from:
(A) Cerebellar lesions, peripheral neuropathy, or stroke
(B) Muscle fatigue only
(C) Vision only
(D) Breathing only

50. Integrated balance and coordination training improves:
(A) Safety, mobility, and independence in daily activities
(B) Only muscle strength
(C) Only reflexes
(D) Only posture while sitting