Pediatric Neurology MCQs – T4Tutorials.com

Which of the following is the most common cause of seizures in children?
- A) Epilepsy
- B) Fever
- C) Head trauma
- D) Brain tumor
  Answer: B) Fever
What is the hallmark feature of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) affecting the nervous system?
- A) Chronic headaches
- B) Encephalitis
- C) Peripheral neuropathy
- D) Uveitis
  Answer: C) Peripheral neuropathy
Which imaging study is typically used to diagnose brain tumors in children?
- A) X-ray
- B) MRI
- C) CT scan
- D) Ultrasound
  Answer: B) MRI
What is the first-line treatment for an acute seizure in a child?
- A) Antiepileptic drugs
- B) Benzodiazepines
- C) Steroids
- D) Surgery
  Answer: B) Benzodiazepines
Which genetic disorder is characterized by developmental delay and intellectual disability, often accompanied by seizures?
- A) Down syndrome
- B) Fragile X syndrome
- C) Rett syndrome
- D) Turner syndrome
  Answer: C) Rett syndrome
What is the typical age of onset for childhood absence seizures?
- A) 1-2 years
- B) 3-6 years
- C) 7-12 years
- D) 13-18 years
  Answer: B) 3-6 years
Which condition is characterized by a sudden loss of muscle tone, often resulting in falls?
- A) Myoclonus
- B) Atonic seizures
- C) Tonic-clonic seizures
- D) Absence seizures
  Answer: B) Atonic seizures
What is the most common type of headache in children?
- A) Migraine
- B) Tension-type headache
- C) Cluster headache
- D) Sinus headache
  Answer: B) Tension-type headache
Which of the following is a common feature of pediatric multiple sclerosis?
- A) Transient episodes of limb weakness
- B) Persistent fever
- C) Chronic cough
- D) Gastrointestinal symptoms
  Answer: A) Transient episodes of limb weakness
What is the primary treatment approach for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
- A) Surgery
- B) Behavioral therapy
- C) Medication
- D) Physical therapy
  Answer: C) Medication
Which condition is associated with a progressive loss of motor skills and muscle weakness in children?
- A) Duchenne muscular dystrophy
- B) Cerebral palsy
- C) Spina bifida
- D) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
  Answer: A) Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Which test is commonly used to assess the electrical activity of the brain in children?
- A) MRI
- B) EEG
- C) CT scan
- D) PET scan
  Answer: B) EEG
Which condition is characterized by the presence of developmental regression, loss of purposeful hand movements, and gait abnormalities?
- A) Rett syndrome
- B) Autism spectrum disorder
- C) Asperger syndrome
- D) Down syndrome
  Answer: A) Rett syndrome
What is the primary symptom of a brain abscess in children?
- A) Fever
- B) Seizures
- C) Headache
- D) Vomiting
  Answer: C) Headache
Which type of cerebral palsy is characterized by muscle stiffness and spasticity?
- A) Spastic cerebral palsy
- B) Dyskinetic cerebral palsy
- C) Ataxic cerebral palsy
- D) Mixed cerebral palsy
  Answer: A) Spastic cerebral palsy
Which developmental disorder is characterized by severe intellectual disability, motor impairment, and behavioral abnormalities, and is often identified in early childhood?
- A) Rett syndrome
- B) Fragile X syndrome
- C) Down syndrome
- D) Prader-Willi syndrome
  Answer: B) Fragile X syndrome
What is the most common cause of stroke in infants and young children?
- A) Trauma
- B) Hemorrhage
- C) Cardiac anomalies
- D) Infection
  Answer: C) Cardiac anomalies
Which type of seizure involves sudden, brief jerks or muscle contractions?
- A) Tonic-clonic seizure
- B) Absence seizure
- C) Myoclonic seizure
- D) Atonic seizure
  Answer: C) Myoclonic seizure
What is the most common cause of developmental delay in a child?
- A) Genetic disorders
- B) Prenatal exposure to drugs
- C) Environmental factors
- D) Infection
  Answer: A) Genetic disorders
Which condition is characterized by a loss of ability to coordinate voluntary movements, often affecting balance and gait?
- A) Ataxia
- B) Athetosis
- C) Chorea
- D) Dystonia
  Answer: A) Ataxia
What is the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability in children?
- A) Down syndrome
- B) Fragile X syndrome
- C) Williams syndrome
- D) Angelman syndrome
  Answer: B) Fragile X syndrome
Which condition involves a sudden, transient loss of consciousness with no postictal state?
- A) Tonic-clonic seizure
- B) Absence seizure
- C) Complex partial seizure
- D) Atonic seizure
  Answer: B) Absence seizure
What is the primary clinical feature of a child with Guillain-Barré syndrome?
- A) Rapidly progressive muscle weakness
- B) Chronic muscle pain
- C) Persistent headache
- D) Seizures
  Answer: A) Rapidly progressive muscle weakness
Which condition involves the degeneration of the myelin sheath in the central nervous system, leading to motor and sensory dysfunction?
- A) Multiple sclerosis
- B) Parkinson’s disease
- C) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- D) Huntington’s disease
  Answer: A) Multiple sclerosis
Which pediatric neurological condition is associated with a “cherry-red spot” on fundoscopy?
- A) Tay-Sachs disease
- B) Niemann-Pick disease
- C) Sandhoff disease
- D) Gaucher disease
  Answer: A) Tay-Sachs disease
What is the primary treatment for an infant with hydrocephalus?
- A) Antiepileptic drugs
- B) Surgery to place a ventriculoperitoneal shunt
- C) Steroids
- D) Physical therapy
  Answer: B) Surgery to place a ventriculoperitoneal shunt
Which condition is characterized by a sudden onset of severe headache, often described as a “thunderclap” headache?
- A) Migraine
- B) Tension headache
- C) Cluster headache
- D) Subarachnoid hemorrhage
  Answer: D) Subarachnoid hemorrhage
What is the primary symptom of a child with a brain tumor located in the posterior fossa?
- A) Ataxia
- B) Seizures
- C) Visual disturbances
- D) Personality changes
  Answer: A) Ataxia
Which condition involves the abnormal proliferation of nerve cells and can present as neurocutaneous disorders?
- A) Neurofibromatosis
- B) Tuberous sclerosis
- C) Sturge-Weber syndrome
- D) Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome
  Answer: A) Neurofibromatosis

What is the most common cause of acquired intellectual disability in children?
- A) Genetic disorders
- B) Prenatal exposure to alcohol
- C) Trauma
- D) Infection
  Answer: B) Prenatal exposure to alcohol
Which condition is characterized by a progressive loss of motor function due to degeneration of the motor neurons?
- A) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- B) Spinal muscular atrophy
- C) Multiple sclerosis
- D) Parkinson’s disease
  Answer: B) Spinal muscular atrophy
What is the primary clinical feature of a child with a Chiari malformation?
- A) Cerebellar symptoms
- B) Severe headaches
- C) Vision loss
- D) Epileptic seizures
  Answer: A) Cerebellar symptoms
Which genetic syndrome is associated with the presence of café-au-lait spots and freckling?
- A) Neurofibromatosis type 1
- B) Neurofibromatosis type 2
- C) Tuberous sclerosis
- D) Sturge-Weber syndrome
  Answer: A) Neurofibromatosis type 1
What is the first-line medication for treating epilepsy in children?
- A) Carbamazepine
- B) Phenytoin
- C) Valproic acid
- D) Lamotrigine
  Answer: C) Valproic acid
Which condition is characterized by progressive atrophy of the brain and is associated with a “cocktail party” personality?
- A) Huntington’s disease
- B) Wilson’s disease
- C) Alzheimer’s disease
- D) Frontotemporal dementia
  Answer: D) Frontotemporal dementia
What is the most common symptom of a child with a neuroblastoma?
- A) Abdominal mass
- B) Persistent cough
- C) Bone pain
- D) Seizures
  Answer: A) Abdominal mass
Which of the following is a common sign of a congenital brain malformation?
- A) Microcephaly
- B) Hyperactivity
- C) Developmental delay
- D) Muscle weakness
  Answer: A) Microcephaly
What is the most common type of primary brain tumor in children?
- A) Medulloblastoma
- B) Glioma
- C) Ependymoma
- D) Germinoma
  Answer: A) Medulloblastoma
Which condition involves the presence of “supratentorial” tumors in the brain?
- A) Ependymoma
- B) Glioblastoma
- C) Craniopharyngioma
- D) Medulloblastoma
  Answer: C) Craniopharyngioma
What is a common feature of myasthenia gravis in children?
- A) Muscle weakness that worsens with activity
- B) Seizures
- C) Persistent headache
- D) Sensory deficits
  Answer: A) Muscle weakness that worsens with activity
Which condition is characterized by a loss of motor skills and the presence of dystonia in children?
- A) Wilson’s disease
- B) Huntington’s disease
- C) Cerebral palsy
- D) Rett syndrome
  Answer: C) Cerebral palsy
What is the primary imaging modality used to evaluate suspected spinal cord injury in children?
- A) MRI
- B) CT scan
- C) X-ray
- D) Ultrasound
  Answer: A) MRI
Which condition involves a severe form of developmental delay with a characteristic “rocking” motion?
- A) Rett syndrome
- B) Autism spectrum disorder
- C) Down syndrome
- D) Williams syndrome
  Answer: A) Rett syndrome
What is a common feature of neurocutaneous syndromes?
- A) Skin lesions
- B) Seizures
- C) Developmental delay
- D) Hearing loss
  Answer: A) Skin lesions
Which condition is characterized by the presence of a “windmill” deformity of the legs and frequent falls?
- A) Spastic diplegia
- B) Ataxic cerebral palsy
- C) Athetoid cerebral palsy
- D) Dystonic cerebral palsy
  Answer: A) Spastic diplegia
What is the most common cause of hydrocephalus in infants?
- A) Congenital brain malformations
- B) Tumors
- C) Infections
- D) Traumatic injury
  Answer: A) Congenital brain malformations
Which condition is characterized by sudden, uncontrollable episodes of sleepiness and muscle weakness?
- A) Narcolepsy
- B) Insomnia
- C) Sleep apnea
- D) Restless legs syndrome
  Answer: A) Narcolepsy
What is the most common initial symptom of childhood epilepsy?
- A) Seizures
- B) Headaches
- C) Developmental delay
- D) Behavioral problems
  Answer: A) Seizures
Which condition is characterized by an exaggerated startle response and motor abnormalities in children?
- A) Myoclonus
- B) Tonic-clonic seizures
- C) Absence seizures
- D) Atonic seizures
  Answer: A) Myoclonus
What is a common sign of early-onset Parkinson’s disease in children?
- A) Tremors
- B) Rigidity
- C) Bradykinesia
- D) All of the above
  Answer: D) All of the above

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