- In biology, GTP stands for Guanosine Triphosphate.
- GTP is a nucleotide triphosphate which is composed of a guanine base, a ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups.
| Abbreviation | GTP |
| Full form of GTP | · Guanosine Triphosphate |
| Cellular Location | · GTP is present in the cytoplasm as well as in cellular organelles |
| Structural formula | |
| Chemical formula | · C10H16N5O14P3 |
| Molar mass | · 523.180 g·mol−1 |
| Role of GTP | · It serves as an energy carrier and a signaling molecule in various cellular processes. · It is involved in G-protein signaling, protein synthesis and in enzymatic reactions. |
| Function | · GTP provides phosphate groups for phosphorylation reactions thus it is utilized as an energy source to drive cellular processes · GTP also acts as a co-factor for certain enzymatic reactions. |
| Importance | · GTP plays a crucial role for various cellular activities · Including cell signaling, protein synthesis, and energy transfer in the cells. |
| Similarity with ATP | · GTP is structurally similar to ATP which is another important nucleotide triphosphate in the cells. |
| Difference between ATP and GTP | · The nitrogenous base in GTP is guanine, whereas ATP contains adenine as its base. |
| Types of nucleotide | GTP | ATP | CTP | TTP |
| Full form | Guanosine Triphosphate | Adenosine Triphosphate | Cytidine Triphosphate | Thymidine Triphosphate |
| Molecular formula | C10H16N5O14P3 | C10H16N5O13P3 | C9H16N3O14P3 | C10H17N2O14P3 |
| Molar mass | 523.18 g/mol | 507.18 g/mol | 483.156 g/mol | 482.168 g/mol |
| Function | · Functions as an energy carrier, similar to ATP. · Serves as a substrate for GTPases, proteins involved in signaling and regulation of cellular processes. · Essential for protein synthesis during translation, where GTP is hydrolyzed to provide energy for ribosome function. | · Primary energy carrier in cells. It stores and transfers energy for cellular processes. Participates in signal transduction pathways. | · Used primarily in RNA synthesis. · Acts as a building block for RNA molecules during the process of transcription | · Plays a vital role in the maintenance and propagation of genetic information in all living organisms. |