C++ Program to take a value from the user as input any character and check whether it is the alphabet, digit or special character. Using user define functions.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// Function to check the character type using pass-by-value
void checkCharacterByValue(char ch) {
    if (isalpha(ch)) {
        cout << ch << " is an alphabet." << endl;
    } else if (isdigit(ch)) {
        cout << ch << " is a digit." << endl;
    } else {
        cout << ch << " is a special character." << endl;
    }
}

// Function to check the character type using pass-by-reference
void checkCharacterByReference(char ch, string &type) {
    if (isalpha(ch)) {
        type = "alphabet";
    } else if (isdigit(ch)) {
        type = "digit";
    } else {
        type = "special character";
    }
}

int main() {
    char ch;
    string typeByRef;

    // Input the character
    cout << "Enter a character: ";
    cin >> ch;

    // Check character type using pass-by-value
    cout << "Using pass-by-value: ";
    checkCharacterByValue(ch);

    // Check character type using pass-by-reference
    checkCharacterByReference(ch, typeByRef);
    cout << "Using pass-by-reference: " << ch << " is a " << typeByRef << "." << endl;

    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

// Function to check the character type using pass-by-value

void checkCharacterByValue(char ch) {

if (isalpha(ch)) {

cout << ch << " is an alphabet." << endl;

} else if (isdigit(ch)) {

cout << ch << " is a digit." << endl;

} else {

cout << ch << " is a special character." << endl;

}

// Function to check the character type using pass-by-reference

void checkCharacterByReference(char ch, string &type) {

if (isalpha(ch)) {

type = "alphabet";

} else if (isdigit(ch)) {

type = "digit";

} else {

type = "special character";

}

int main() {

char ch;

string typeByRef;

// Input the character

cout << "Enter a character: ";

cin >> ch;

// Check character type using pass-by-value

cout << "Using pass-by-value: ";

checkCharacterByValue(ch);

// Check character type using pass-by-reference

checkCharacterByReference(ch, typeByRef);

cout << "Using pass-by-reference: " << ch << " is a " << typeByRef << "." << endl;

return 0;

}

Explanation:

Pass-by-Value (checkCharacterByValue):
- Function Definition: void checkCharacterByValue(char ch)
- This function takes the character ch as a parameter by value.
- It uses isalpha to check if ch is an alphabet, isdigit to check if ch is a digit, or considers it a special character otherwise.
- The function prints the result directly.
Pass-by-Reference (checkCharacterByReference):
- Function Definition: void checkCharacterByReference(char ch, string &type)
- This function takes the character ch by value and a reference to a string variable type.
- It determines if ch is an alphabet, digit, or special character and sets the type reference variable accordingly.
- The result is updated through the reference variable.
Main Function (main):
- The program prompts the user to input a character.
- It then checks and displays whether the character is an alphabet, digit, or special character using both methods.

Example Outputs:

Example 1:

Input:

Character: A

Output:

Enter a character: A
Using pass-by-value: A is an alphabet.
Using pass-by-reference: A is an alphabet.

Enter a character: A

Using pass-by-value: A is an alphabet.

Using pass-by-reference: A is an alphabet.

Example 2:

Input:

Character: 9

Output:

Enter a character: 9
Using pass-by-value: 9 is a digit.
Using pass-by-reference: 9 is a digit.

Enter a character: 9

Using pass-by-value: 9 is a digit.

Using pass-by-reference: 9 is a digit.

Example 3:

Input:

Character: @

Output:

Enter a character: @
Using pass-by-value: @ is a special character.
Using pass-by-reference: @ is a special character.

Enter a character: @

Using pass-by-value: @ is a special character.

Using pass-by-reference: @ is a special character.

Explanation:

Example Outputs:

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