1. What is temporal logic mainly used for in real-time systems?
(A) Database querying
(B) Specification of time-dependent properties
(C) Code optimization
(D) Memory management
2. Temporal logic allows reasoning about:
(A) Data structures
(B) Order of events over time
(C) Program syntax
(D) Hardware design
3. Which temporal logic is used for linear sequences of time?
(A) CTL
(B) TCTL
(C) FOL
(D) LTL
4. Which temporal logic supports branching time structures?
(A) LTL
(B) PLTL
(C) CTL
(D) Propositional logic
5. What does LTL stand for?
(A) Logical Time Language
(B) Linear Time Logic
(C) Local Temporal Logic
(D) Linear Transition Logic
6. What does CTL stand for?
(A) Computation Time Logic
(B) Continuous Time Logic
(C) Concurrent Task Logic
(D) Computation Tree Logic
7. Which logic extends CTL with explicit time constraints?
(A) LTL
(B) PLTL
(C) TCTL
(D) FOL
8. Which operator means “eventually” in temporal logic?
(A) X
(B) G
(C) U
(D) F
9. Which operator represents “always”?
(A) F
(B) U
(C) X
(D) G
10. Which operator represents “next”?
(A) X
(B) F
(C) G
(D) U
11. The “until” operator is denoted by:
(A) F
(B) U
(C) X
(D) G
12. Which property ensures that something good eventually happens?
(A) Safety
(B) Fairness
(C) Liveness
(D) Timeliness
13. Which property ensures that nothing bad ever happens?
(A) Liveness
(B) Safety
(C) Fairness
(D) Progress
14. Which temporal logic formula expresses “p is always true”?
(A) F p
(B) X p
(C) G p
(D) p U q
15. Which formula expresses “p eventually becomes true”?
(A) F p
(B) X p
(C) G p
(D) p ∧ q
16. Which temporal logic is more suitable for real-time constraints?
(A) LTL
(B) CTL
(C) TCTL
(D) Propositional logic
17. Temporal logic formulas are evaluated over:
(A) Execution paths
(B) Variables only
(C) Memory locations
(D) CPU cycles
18. Which logic uses path quantifiers like A and E?
(A) LTL
(B) FOL
(C) PLTL
(D) CTL
19. What does the path quantifier “A” mean?
(A) At least one path
(B) No path
(C) Any random path
(D) All paths
20. What does the path quantifier “E” mean?
(A) Every path
(B) Exact path
(C) Exists a path
(D) External path
21. Which operator combination expresses safety in LTL?
(A) F p
(B) p U q
(C) X p
(D) G p
22. Which temporal logic is simpler but less expressive?
(A) CTL
(B) LTL
(C) TCTL
(D) Hybrid logic
23. Which temporal logic allows expressing deadlines?
(A) LTL
(B) CTL
(C) PLTL
(D) TCTL
24. Which logic is commonly used in UPPAAL?
(A) TCTL
(B) CTL
(C) LTL
(D) Propositional logic
25. Temporal logic is mainly used in which verification technique?
(A) Testing
(B) Model checking
(C) Debugging
(D) Simulation
26. Which operator specifies a bounded time condition?
(A) G
(B) F
(C) Time-bounded U
(D) X
27. Which temporal logic property checks responsiveness?
(A) Safety
(B) Mutual exclusion
(C) Invariant
(D) Liveness
28. Which logic checks properties over all computation trees?
(A) LTL
(B) FOL
(C) PLTL
(D) CTL
29. Which temporal logic is path-based rather than state-based?
(A) LTL
(B) TCTL
(C) CTL
(D) Hybrid logic
30. Which property ensures bounded response time?
(A) Safety
(B) Timeliness
(C) Liveness
(D) Fairness
31. Which temporal operator combines two propositions with time ordering?
(A) X
(B) G
(C) U
(D) F
32. Which temporal logic is best for branching future behaviors?
(A) CTL
(B) LTL
(C) PLTL
(D) RTL
33. Temporal logic formulas are usually checked against:
(A) Source code
(B) System model
(C) Test cases
(D) User input
34. Which real-time property can be expressed using temporal logic?
(A) Code readability
(B) Memory alignment
(C) Variable naming
(D) Deadline satisfaction
35. Which logic supports quantitative time constraints?
(A) LTL
(B) CTL
(C) TCTL
(D) Propositional logic
36. Which operator states that a condition holds in the next state?
(A) X
(B) F
(C) G
(D) U
37. Which temporal logic does NOT support real-time constraints directly?
(A) TCTL
(B) CTL
(C) LTL
(D) Metric temporal logic
38. Which temporal logic is most expressive among the following?
(A) TCTL
(B) CTL
(C) LTL
(D) Propositional logic
39. Which logic is suitable for verifying scheduling policies?
(A) Temporal logic
(B) LTL
(C) Propositional logic
(D) Predicate logic
40. Which property checks that a task eventually completes?
(A) Safety
(B) Mutual exclusion
(C) Fairness
(D) Liveness
41. Which temporal logic feature supports concurrency reasoning?
(A) Boolean operators
(B) Time operators
(C) Path quantifiers
(D) Arithmetic operators
42. Temporal logic helps verify systems with:
(A) Static behavior
(B) Time-dependent behavior
(C) No concurrency
(D) No states
43. Which operator ensures a condition holds continuously?
(A) F
(B) X
(C) U
(D) G
44. Which temporal logic formula expresses “q happens after p”?
(A) G p
(B) F q
(C) X q
(D) p U q
45. Which logic is easier to implement but less powerful?
(A) CTL
(B) LTL
(C) TCTL
(D) Hybrid logic
46. Which temporal logic is used for hard real-time constraints?
(A) TCTL
(B) CTL
(C) LTL
(D) PLTL
47. Which property ensures no task is permanently postponed?
(A) Fairness
(B) Liveness
(C) Safety
(D) Timeliness
48. Temporal logic is classified as:
(A) Informal method
(B) Programming language
(C) Formal specification language
(D) Testing tool
49. Which verification result shows violation of a temporal property?
(A) Success report
(B) Proof certificate
(C) Counterexample
(D) Log file
50. Temporal logic in real-time systems focuses on:
(A) Time-based correctness properties
(B) Syntax checking
(C) Code generation
(D) Hardware optimization