1. What is the primary requirement of real-time systems in telecommunications?
(A) Large storage capacity
(B) Low hardware cost
(C) High-resolution graphics
(D) Timely data transmission
2. Which telecommunication system requires strict real-time constraints?
(A) Email service
(B) File transfer
(C) Voice over IP (VoIP)
(D) Data backup
3. In real-time telecom systems, latency mainly affects:
(A) Data size
(B) Call quality
(C) Storage capacity
(D) Security
4. Which type of deadline is typical in video streaming services?
(A) Soft
(B) Firm
(C) Hard
(D) Optional
5. Which protocol is widely used for real-time voice communication?
(A) RTP
(B) HTTP
(C) FTP
(D) SMTP
6. Jitter in telecommunications refers to:
(A) Packet loss
(B) Bit error
(C) Timing variation
(D) Signal attenuation
7. Which real-time constraint is most critical for live video conferencing?
(A) Bandwidth
(B) Latency
(C) Storage
(D) File size
8. Which switching technique is used in traditional telephone networks?
(A) Packet switching
(B) Message switching
(C) Circuit switching
(D) Cell switching
9. Which network component forwards packets based on routing tables?
(A) Modem
(B) Router
(C) Switch
(D) Hub
10. Which scheduling algorithm is commonly used in real-time telecom systems?
(A) FCFS
(B) Round-robin
(C) Rate Monotonic
(D) Lottery scheduling
11. Which real-time failure in telecom systems causes dropped calls?
(A) Memory leak
(B) Deadline miss
(C) Syntax error
(D) File corruption
12. Which technology enables real-time mobile communication?
(A) GSM
(B) DNS
(C) SMTP
(D) FTP
13. Which protocol ensures timely delivery but not reliability?
(A) TCP
(B) FTP
(C) HTTP
(D) UDP
14. In telecom real-time systems, throughput refers to:
(A) Delay variation
(B) Number of errors
(C) Data processed per unit time
(D) Signal strength
15. Which network delay is most harmful to real-time voice traffic?
(A) Propagation delay
(B) Transmission delay
(C) Processing delay
(D) Variable delay
16. Which telecom system uses cells of fixed size?
(A) Ethernet
(B) Frame Relay
(C) IP
(D) ATM
17. Which real-time property ensures predictable communication behavior?
(A) Determinism
(B) Portability
(C) Scalability
(D) Reusability
18. Which device converts analog signals into digital form?
(A) Router
(B) Switch
(C) Repeater
(D) Modem
19. Which real-time protocol supports Quality of Service (QoS)?
(A) SMTP
(B) FTP
(C) RSVP
(D) SNMP
20. Which telecom service is a hard real-time application?
(A) SMS messaging
(B) Voice call switching
(C) Email
(D) Data analytics
21. Packet loss in real-time video leads to:
(A) Higher storage
(B) Reduced resolution
(C) Faster transmission
(D) Degraded quality
22. Which multiplexing technique assigns time slots dynamically?
(A) FDM
(B) WDM
(C) TDM
(D) CDM
23. Which scheduling metric is critical for packet transmission?
(A) Priority
(B) Packet size
(C) Deadline
(D) Address
24. Which network type is designed for real-time mobile communication?
(A) LAN
(B) Cellular network
(C) WAN
(D) MAN
25. Which telecommunication feature guarantees bandwidth for real-time traffic?
(A) Encryption
(B) Quality of Service
(C) Compression
(D) Error detection
26. Which protocol is used for real-time video streaming?
(A) POP3
(B) FTP
(C) RTP
(D) IMAP
27. Which component amplifies signals over long distances?
(A) Router
(B) Switch
(C) Firewall
(D) Repeater
28. Which real-time issue causes echo in voice communication?
(A) High throughput
(B) Low bandwidth
(C) Excessive delay
(D) Large packets
29. Which telecom network supports mobility management?
(A) Ethernet
(B) Token Ring
(C) GSM
(D) DSL
30. Which real-time constraint is relaxed in soft real-time telecom applications?
(A) Accuracy
(B) Deadline
(C) Timing predictability
(D) Response time
31. Which algorithm prioritizes tasks with earliest deadlines?
(A) EDF
(B) RMS
(C) FCFS
(D) Round-robin
32. Which device interconnects multiple networks?
(A) Hub
(B) Router
(C) Switch
(D) Modem
33. Which delay component depends on packet size?
(A) Transmission delay
(B) Propagation delay
(C) Processing delay
(D) Queueing delay
34. Which telecom service tolerates occasional delay?
(A) Streaming video
(B) Live video conference
(C) Emergency calls
(D) Air traffic control
35. Which network protocol supports real-time control messages?
(A) FTP
(B) ICMP
(C) SMTP
(D) POP3
36. Which real-time metric measures variation in delay?
(A) Latency
(B) Throughput
(C) Jitter
(D) Bandwidth
37. Which technology is used in 4G/5G networks?
(A) CDMA
(B) ISDN
(C) ADSL
(D) LTE
38. Which telecom real-time system requires the highest reliability?
(A) Video streaming
(B) Online gaming
(C) Emergency communication
(D) File sharing
39. Which switching technique is used in IP networks?
(A) Packet switching
(B) Circuit switching
(C) Message switching
(D) Cell switching
40. Which real-time protocol is used for session initiation?
(A) DNS
(B) FTP
(C) HTTP
(D) SIP
41. Which telecom system uses frequency bands for multiple users?
(A) FDM
(B) CDM
(C) TDM
(D) ATM
42. Which real-time requirement ensures minimal packet delay variation?
(A) QoS
(B) Security
(C) Scalability
(D) Portability
43. Which network element manages call setup and teardown?
(A) Router
(B) Call controller
(C) Gateway
(D) Repeater
44. Which real-time issue results from network congestion?
(A) Increased bandwidth
(B) Higher latency
(C) Reduced storage
(D) Lower security
45. Which protocol is used to monitor network performance?
(A) SNMP
(B) FTP
(C) SMTP
(D) RTP
46. Which telecom real-time system operates with hard deadlines?
(A) Video streaming
(B) Web browsing
(C) Voice call switching
(D) Email
47. Which mechanism reduces delay in packet networks?
(A) Buffering
(B) Encryption
(C) Packet prioritization
(D) Compression
48. Which real-time metric measures data transfer capacity?
(A) Bandwidth
(B) Jitter
(C) Latency
(D) Delay
49. Which telecom device converts digital signals to optical signals?
(A) Optical transceiver
(B) Router
(C) Modem
(D) Switch
50. The main goal of real-time systems in telecommunications is to ensure:
(A) Maximum storage
(B) Accurate billing
(C) Attractive interface
(D) Timely and reliable communication