1. What is the main purpose of synchronization mechanisms in real-time systems?
(A) To ignore deadlines
(B) To reduce CPU idle exclusively
(C) To perform batch processing only
(D) To coordinate access to shared resources and avoid conflicts
2. Mutual exclusion ensures that:
(A) CPU idle exclusively
(B) Only one task accesses a critical section at a time
(C) Disk batch-only tasks
(D) Memory-only tasks
3. Semaphores are used for:
(A) Memory-only locks
(B) CPU idle exclusively
(C) Disk batch-only signaling
(D) Controlling access to shared resources and signaling
4. Binary semaphores can also be referred to as:
(A) Disk batch-only semaphores
(B) CPU idle exclusively
(C) Mutexes
(D) Memory-only flags
5. Counting semaphores are used to:
(A) Manage access to a finite number of identical resources
(B) CPU idle exclusively
(C) Disk batch-only resources
(D) Memory-only counters
6. Priority inversion occurs when:
(A) CPU idle exclusively
(B) A high-priority task is blocked by a lower-priority task holding a resource
(C) Disk batch-only tasks
(D) Memory-only scheduling
7. Priority inheritance protocol helps to:
(A) CPU idle exclusively
(B) Temporarily raise the priority of a lower-priority task holding a resource
(C) Disk batch-only locking
(D) Memory-only scheduling
8. Priority ceiling protocol is used to:
(A) Disk batch-only resource allocation
(B) CPU idle exclusively
(C) Prevent priority inversion by limiting which tasks can access a resource
(D) Memory-only priority handling
9. Condition variables are used for:
(A) Blocking a task until a certain condition is met
(B) CPU idle exclusively
(C) Disk batch-only signaling
(D) Memory-only waits
10. Monitors in real-time systems provide:
(A) CPU idle exclusively
(B) High-level abstraction for safe mutual exclusion and synchronization
(C) Disk batch-only control
(D) Memory-only locks
11. Spinlocks are suitable for:
(A) Short critical sections where blocking is not desirable
(B) CPU idle exclusively
(C) Disk batch-only locking
(D) Memory-only waiting
12. Barriers are used to:
(A) CPU idle exclusively
(B) Synchronize multiple tasks to reach a certain point before continuing
(C) Disk batch-only synchronization
(D) Memory-only coordination
13. Deadlocks in real-time systems occur when:
(A) Tasks wait indefinitely for resources held by each other
(B) CPU idle exclusively
(C) Disk batch-only tasks
(D) Memory-only tasks
14. Resource allocation graphs help to:
(A) CPU idle exclusively
(B) Detect and prevent potential deadlocks
(C) Disk batch-only resources
(D) Memory-only mapping
15. Semaphore operations are typically referred to as:
(A) Disk batch-only operations
(B) CPU idle exclusively
(C) Wait (P) and Signal (V)
(D) Memory-only flags
16. Real-time systems use synchronization mechanisms primarily to:
(A) CPU idle exclusively
(B) Ensure data consistency and meet timing constraints
(C) Disk batch-only operations
(D) Memory-only synchronization
17. In POSIX real-time systems, mutexes can optionally support:
(A) Memory-only locks
(B) CPU idle exclusively
(C) Disk batch-only mutex
(D) Priority inheritance
18. Event flags are used to:
(A) Memory-only notifications
(B) CPU idle exclusively
(C) Disk batch-only events
(D) Signal one or more tasks when specific conditions occur
19. Deadlock prevention in real-time systems can be achieved by:
(A) Disk batch-only control
(B) CPU idle exclusively
(C) Careful resource ordering and limiting resource holding
(D) Memory-only checks
20. The main advantage of synchronization mechanisms in real-time systems is:
(A) Memory-only efficiency
(B) CPU idle exclusively
(C) Disk batch-only optimization
(D) Safe concurrent execution while maintaining predictability and data integrity