1. What is the primary objective of a robotics control system?
(A) To store sensor data
(B) To design mechanical parts
(C) To control robot motion accurately
(D) To reduce manufacturing cost
2. Which controller is most commonly used in industrial robots?
(A) Fuzzy controller
(B) PID controller
(C) Neural controller
(D) Adaptive controller
3. In robotics, feedback is mainly used to:
(A) Increase speed
(B) Reduce power consumption
(C) Correct errors in motion
(D) Increase payload
4. Which sensor provides information about joint position?
(A) Force sensor
(B) Accelerometer
(C) Gyroscope
(D) Encoder
5. Real-time constraints in robotics ensure:
(A) Low hardware cost
(B) Accurate graphical output
(C) Timely response to events
(D) Minimal software size
6. Which type of control uses mathematical models of the robot?
(A) Open-loop control
(B) Intelligent control
(C) Model-based control
(D) Manual control
7. In open-loop control systems, feedback is:
(A) Mandatory
(B) Not used
(C) Delayed
(D) Partially used
8. Which real-time operating system feature is critical for robotics control?
(A) Determinism
(B) Multitasking
(C) Virtual memory
(D) File compression
9. Trajectory planning in robots refers to:
(A) Selecting sensors
(B) Designing hardware
(C) Defining motion paths
(D) Error detection
10. Which controller minimizes steady-state error?
(A) Proportional
(B) Derivative
(C) Integral
(D) Feedforward
11. A real-time robotics system failure can be categorized as:
(A) Timing failure
(B) Logical failure
(C) Hardware failure
(D) Mechanical failure
12. Which logic is commonly used to specify timing constraints in robotic systems?
(A) Boolean logic
(B) First-order logic
(C) Fuzzy logic
(D) Temporal logic
13. Which control strategy adapts parameters during operation?
(A) Adaptive control
(B) Fixed control
(C) Open-loop control
(D) Manual control
14. The sampling rate in robotic control should be:
(A) Random
(B) As low as possible
(C) Independent of system behavior
(D) High enough for system dynamics
15. Which component executes control algorithms in robots?
(A) Actuator
(B) Sensor
(C) End-effector
(D) Controller
16. Deadlines in robotics control systems are usually:
(A) Hard
(B) Soft
(C) Optional
(D) Undefined
17. Which actuator converts electrical signals into mechanical motion?
(A) Sensor
(B) Encoder
(C) Controller
(D) Motor
18. Stability in a robotics control system means:
(A) Bounded output for bounded input
(B) Constant speed
(C) No vibration
(D) Zero error
19. Which control loop operates fastest in a robot?
(A) Planning loop
(B) Feedback control loop
(C) User interface loop
(D) Monitoring loop
20. Real-time scheduling in robotics prioritizes tasks based on:
(A) Deadlines
(B) Execution time
(C) Memory usage
(D) Task size
21. Which sensor detects external forces acting on a robot?
(A) Position sensor
(B) Vision sensor
(C) Force-torque sensor
(D) Temperature sensor
22. Which control method is suitable for uncertain environments?
(A) Fuzzy control
(B) Classical control
(C) Open-loop control
(D) Feedforward control
23. The main role of an end-effector is to:
(A) Control the robot
(B) Interact with objects
(C) Sense the environment
(D) Provide feedback
24. Which real-time fault is most critical in robotics?
(A) Memory leak
(B) Data overflow
(C) Missed deadline
(D) Syntax error
25. Which kinematics describes motion without considering forces?
(A) Forward kinematics
(B) Dynamic kinematics
(C) Inverse dynamics
(D) Static control
26. Which control approach uses learning from experience?
(A) PID control
(B) Neural network control
(C) Adaptive control
(D) Open-loop control
27. Real-time communication in robotics must be:
(A) Best-effort
(B) Deterministic
(C) Asynchronous only
(D) Wireless only
28. Which factor most affects control loop delay?
(A) CPU speed
(B) Network latency
(C) Scheduling policy
(D) All of the above
29. Which model represents robot dynamics using differential equations?
(A) Dynamic model
(B) Kinematic model
(C) Logical model
(D) Behavioral model
30. In robotics, jitter refers to:
(A) Mechanical vibration
(B) Power fluctuation
(C) Sensor noise
(D) Timing variation
31. Which standard is widely used for industrial robot safety?
(A) CAN
(B) IEEE 802.11
(C) POSIX
(D) ISO 10218
32. Which bus is commonly used for real-time robot communication?
(A) USB
(B) Ethernet
(C) HDMI
(D) CAN bus
33. Which control loop directly affects robot accuracy?
(A) Planning loop
(B) User loop
(C) Inner feedback loop
(D) Logging loop
34. Which algorithm ensures optimal control performance?
(A) Greedy algorithm
(B) LQR
(C) Round-robin
(D) FIFO
35. What happens if a hard deadline is missed in robotics?
(A) Reduced performance
(B) System failure
(C) Warning message
(D) Delayed execution
36. Which technique verifies correctness of control logic?
(A) Simulation
(B) Debugging
(C) Formal verification
(D) Prototyping
37. Which sensor is essential for robot vision?
(A) Infrared sensor
(B) Camera
(C) Ultrasonic sensor
(D) Touch sensor
38. Which control method predicts future system behavior?
(A) Reactive control
(B) Manual control
(C) Open-loop control
(D) Predictive control
39. Real-time robotic systems are best described as:
(A) Batch systems
(B) Event-driven
(C) Offline systems
(D) Non-deterministic
40. Which parameter affects robot responsiveness most?
(A) Payload
(B) Size
(C) Color
(D) Control frequency
41. Which scheduling algorithm is optimal for periodic control tasks?
(A) FCFS
(B) Lottery scheduling
(C) Round-robin
(D) EDF
42. Which control ensures smooth motion transitions?
(A) Bang-bang control
(B) Trajectory control
(C) On-off control
(D) Open-loop control
43. Which component applies torque to robot joints?
(A) Actuator
(B) Encoder
(C) Sensor
(D) Controller
44. Inverse kinematics is used to compute:
(A) End-effector force
(B) Joint angles from end-effector position
(C) Control delay
(D) Sensor noise
45. Which issue is most dangerous in collaborative robots?
(A) Human-robot collision
(B) Timing violation
(C) Power loss
(D) Data corruption
46. Which control strategy is simplest to implement?
(A) Adaptive control
(B) Neural control
(C) Predictive control
(D) Open-loop control
47. Which real-time property guarantees task completion before deadline?
(A) Schedulability
(B) Liveness
(C) Fairness
(D) Scalability
48. Which environment requires the highest reliability in robotic control?
(A) Gaming robots
(B) Medical robots
(C) Educational robots
(D) Toy robots
49. Which method helps detect faults during robot operation?
(A) Offline testing
(B) Fault monitoring
(C) Manual inspection
(D) Hardware replacement
50. The main goal of real-time robotics control is to ensure:
(A) High graphics quality
(B) Low cost
(C) Maximum memory usage
(D) Correct and timely behavior