1. What is the main purpose of middleware in real-time systems?
(A) To replace the operating system entirely
(B) To directly manage hardware resources only
(C) To provide a software layer that simplifies communication, coordination, and resource management between distributed components
(D) To perform batch-only processing
2. Middleware in real-time systems helps to:
(A) Abstract communication details and enable interoperability across heterogeneous systems
(B) CPU idle exclusively
(C) Disk batch-only data transfer
(D) Memory-only processing
3. A key requirement for real-time middleware is:
(A) Support for predictable timing and bounded latency
(B) CPU idle exclusively
(C) Disk batch-only tasks
(D) Memory-only operations
4. Examples of real-time middleware include:
(A) CPU idle exclusively
(B) RT CORBA, DDS (Data Distribution Service), and OPC UA
(C) Disk batch-only libraries
(D) Memory-only frameworks
5. Data Distribution Service (DDS) middleware is used for:
(A) Memory-only storage
(B) CPU idle exclusively
(C) Disk batch-only messaging
(D) Publish-subscribe communication with real-time guarantees
6. Real-time CORBA middleware provides:
(A) Deterministic remote procedure calls (RPCs) and scheduling control
(B) CPU idle exclusively
(C) Disk batch-only RPC
(D) Memory-only operations
7. Middleware can help real-time systems by:
(A) Disk batch-only tasks
(B) CPU idle exclusively
(C) Managing task coordination, resource access, and communication transparently
(D) Memory-only operations
8. QoS (Quality of Service) parameters in real-time middleware include:
(A) Disk batch-only parameters
(B) CPU idle exclusively
(C) Latency, throughput, priority, and reliability
(D) Memory-only metrics
9. Real-time middleware supports which type of task communication?
(A) Disk batch-only communication
(B) CPU idle exclusively
(C) Both time-triggered and event-triggered interactions
(D) Memory-only messaging
10. Middleware can reduce the complexity of distributed real-time systems by:
(A) CPU idle exclusively
(B) Handling communication, synchronization, and resource management automatically
(C) Disk batch-only tasks
(D) Memory-only operations
11. Publish-subscribe models in middleware are advantageous because:
(A) Producers and consumers are decoupled in time and space
(B) CPU idle exclusively
(C) Disk batch-only decoupling
(D) Memory-only coupling
12. Middleware ensures temporal predictability in real-time systems by:
(A) Disk batch-only guarantees
(B) CPU idle exclusively
(C) Providing bounded latency and priority-aware communication mechanisms
(D) Memory-only timing
13. Resource management in middleware allows:
(A) Fair and predictable access to shared system resources among tasks
(B) CPU idle exclusively
(C) Disk batch-only allocation
(D) Memory-only scheduling
14. Fault tolerance in real-time middleware can be achieved by:
(A) Memory-only recovery
(B) CPU idle exclusively
(C) Disk batch-only fault handling
(D) Redundant communication paths, replication, and error detection mechanisms
15. Middleware can support heterogeneous real-time systems by:
(A) Memory-only adaptation
(B) CPU idle exclusively
(C) Disk batch-only abstraction
(D) Abstracting differences in hardware, OS, and network protocols
16. Real-time middleware typically provides:
(A) CPU idle exclusively
(B) APIs for communication, synchronization, and scheduling control
(C) Disk batch-only services
(D) Memory-only APIs
17. Middleware in safety-critical systems must comply with:
(A) Disk batch-only standards
(B) CPU idle exclusively
(C) Standards such as ARINC 653, ISO 26262, or DO-178C
(D) Memory-only guidelines
18. Advantages of using middleware include:
(A) Simplified development, interoperability, and predictable communication
(B) CPU idle exclusively
(C) Disk batch-only tasks
(D) Memory-only benefits
19. Middleware can improve scalability in real-time systems by:
(A) Disk batch-only scaling
(B) CPU idle exclusively
(C) Decoupling components and supporting distributed communication
(D) Memory-only communication
20. The main advantage of real-time middleware is:
(A) Efficient, predictable, and safe coordination of distributed real-time tasks
(B) CPU idle exclusively
(C) Disk batch-only efficiency
(D) Memory-only optimization