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Introduction to Statistics MCQs

1. Statistics is primarily concerned with:
A. Collecting data
B. Analyzing data
C. Interpreting data
D. All of the above
Answer: D

2. Which of the following is NOT a measure of central tendency?
A. Mean
B. Median
C. Mode
D. Range
Answer: D

3. A statistician collects data on the heights of students in a class. What type of data is this?
A. Categorical
B. Numerical
C. Qualitative
D. Descriptive
Answer: B

4. The middle value in a sorted list of data is known as the:
A. Mean
B. Median
C. Mode
D. Standard deviation
Answer: B

5. Which of the following is a measure of variability?
A. Mean
B. Median
C. Range
D. Mode
Answer: C

6. In a frequency distribution, the number of times a particular value occurs is called the:
A. Range
B. Frequency
C. Mean
D. Median
Answer: B

7. The interquartile range (IQR) is a measure of:
A. Central tendency
B. Variability
C. Skewness
D. Dispersion
Answer: D

8. A histogram is used to display:
A. Categorical data
B. Numerical data
C. Qualitative data
D. Descriptive statistics
Answer: B

9. Which of the following is NOT a type of sampling technique?
A. Simple random sampling
B. Stratified sampling
C. Systematic sampling
D. Predictive sampling
Answer: D

10. The measure of the spread of data around the mean is called:
A. Variance
B. Standard deviation
C. Skewness
D. Kurtosis
Answer: B

11. The probability of an event occurring is always between:
A. -1 and 1
B. 0 and 1
C. 0 and 100%
D. -100% and 100%
Answer: B

12. A type of probability that involves equally likely outcomes is:
A. Empirical probability
B. Theoretical probability
C. Conditional probability
D. Subjective probability
Answer: B

13. In statistical terms, the likelihood of an event not occurring is expressed as:
A. P(E)
B. P(E’)
C. P(E ∩ F)
D. P(E ∪ F)
Answer: B

14. Which of the following is an example of discrete data?
A. Height of students
B. Temperature readings
C. Number of cars passing by in an hour
D. Weight of fruits
Answer: C

15. Which measure of central tendency is affected most by outliers?
A. Mean
B. Median
C. Mode
D. Standard deviation
Answer: A

16. A measure of the linear relationship between two variables is called:
A. Covariance
B. Correlation
C. Regression
D. Variance
Answer: B

17. The line that best fits a scatter plot of data points is known as the:
A. Regression line
B. Correlation line
C. Trend line
D. Best-fit line
Answer: A

18. Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest linear relationship?
A. -0.8
B. 0.2
C. -0.1
D. 0.7
Answer: A

19. A hypothesis that states there is no significant difference or relationship between variables is called:
A. Alternative hypothesis
B. Null hypothesis
C. Research hypothesis
D. Experimental hypothesis
Answer: B

20. In hypothesis testing, the level of significance (alpha) is typically set at:
A. 0.05
B. 0.10
C. 0.01
D. 1.00
Answer: A

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