1. : What are the constituents of the structure of ‘Agar’, the common culture medium for microbes in the laboratory?
(A) D-Glucose derivative and L-Galactose
(B) D-Mannose derivative and D-Galactose
(C) D-Galactose and an L-Galactose derivative
(D) An L-Mannose derivative and D-Galactose
2. : Treatment of sucrose with conc. HNO₃ provides which of the following?
(A) Oxalic acid
(B) Glucose + Fructose
(C) Nitrosucrose
(D) Laevulinic acid
3. : Glucose and fructose react with which reagent to give similar product?
(A) Tollen’s reagent
(B) Hydroxyl amine
(C) Phenyl hydrazine
(D) All of these
4. : Epimers are compounds that vary in
(A) Functional group
(B) Configuration at any carbon
(C) Ring size
(D) Configuration at α-carbon
5. : Method used to ascent the series of aldoses is called
(A) Weerman’s reaction
(B) Ruff’s method
(C) Kilian synthesis
(D) Wohl’s synthesis
6. : Mutarotation is exhibited by
(A) All carbohydrates
(B) All disaccharides
(C) All polysaccharides
(D) All monosaccharides
7. : In ______ a freshly prepared solution of glucose has a specific rotation of +110° but on keeping for some time it changes to +52.7°.
(A) Mutarotation
(B) Alternation
(C) Epimerization
(D) None of these
8. : Though fructose is laevorotatory yet its name is written as D-fructose. This ‘D’ prefix indicates which of the following?
(A) Specific rotation
(B) Generic relationship with D-glyceraldehydes
(C) Generic relationship with D-glucose
(D) Mutarotation
9. : Configuration of carbohydrates relative to glyceraldehydes was suggested by which of the following?
(A) Rosanoff
(B) Hirst
(C) Howarth
(D) Fischer
10. : A specific diagnostic test for carbohydrates is
(A) Molisch’s test
(B) Tollen’s test
(C) Fehling’s test
(D) Osazone formation
11. : Glucose and mannose may be obtained by Kiliani synthesis from which of the following?
(A) D-ribose
(B) D-xylose
(C) D-arabinose
(D) D-lyxose
12. : Acetylation of fructose yields a
(A) Pentacetyl derivative
(B) Diacetyl derivative
(C) Tetraethyl derivative
(D) Monodactyl derivative
13. : Although glucose has an aldehydic group it does not restore pink colour of Schiff’s reagent. It is because
(A) There is steric hindrance
(B) -I effect of hydroxyl groups
(C) Aldehydic group is involved in hemiacetal formation
(D) There is no aldehydic group in glucose
14. : In _______ Isomers differ in configuration at the asymmetric carbon produced due to hemiacetal ring formation in carbohydrates.
(A) Epimers
(B) Anomers
(C) Conformers
(D) Tautomers
15. : The ring structure of glucose does not explain _______.
(A) Stereochemistry of glucose
(B) Mutarotation phenomenon
(C) Existence of two forms of glucose
(D) No reaction with Schiff’s reagent
16. : Hydrolysis of methyl glucoside tetramethyl-D followed by oxidation provides which of the following?
(A) Arabinotrimethoxy glutaric acid
(B) Ribotrimethoxy glutaric acid
(C) Xylotrimethoxy glutaric acid
(D) Dimethoxy succinic acid
17. : Which of the polysaccharide on hydrolysis provides only fructose?
(A) Cellulose
(B) Amylopectin
(C) Inulin
(D) Amylose
18. : Which of the following is the test that may be used to distinguish between glucose and fructose?
(A) Schiff’s reagent test
(B) Selivenoff’s test
(C) Tollen’s reagent test
(D) Fehling’s solution test
19. : Which is not a method for determining ring size in carbohydrates?
(A) Haworth and Hirst method
(B) Lactone formation method
(C) Molisch method
(D) Periodic acid oxidation method
20. : Nucleoside adenosine on hydrolysis gives which of the following?
(A) Purine base + Deoxyribose
(B) Purine base + Ribose
(C) Pyrimidine base + Ribose
(D) Pyrimidine base + Deoxyribose
21. : Carbohydrates are characterized by the presence of which of the following?
(A) Asymmetric carbon
(B) Carbonyl group
(C) Hydroxyl group
(D) All of these
22. : Which is not a polysaccharide?
(A) Insulin
(B) Cellulose
(C) Cellobiose
(D) Amylase
23. : Which interaction is not a stabilizing factor in the 3-D structure of polysaccharides?
(A) Hydrophobic interactions
(B) Disulphide bonds
(C) Hydrogen bonding
(D) Electrostatic interactions
24. : Which is an epimer of glucose?
(A) Fructose
(B) Ribose
(C) Galactose
(D) Maltose
25. : Which is true regarding open chain structure of glucose?
(A) There are four asymmetric carbons
(B) There are five asymmetric carbons
(C) There are six asymmetric carbons
(D) There are three asymmetric carbons
26. : Which disaccharide contains α-1→1-glycosidic linkage?
(A) Sucrose
(B) Lactose
(C) Trehalose
(D) Maltose
27. : Honey is rich in the hydrolytic product of which of the following?
(A) Inulin
(B) Maltose
(C) Lactose
(D) Starch
28. : Which of the following is a polymeric unit of starch which has branched structure?
(A) Chitin
(B) Amylose
(C) Glycogen
(D) Amylopectin
29. : Which disaccharide is not a plant product?
(A) Maltose
(B) Lactose
(C) Sucrose
(D) None
30. : Which is true about the structure of cellulose?
(A) The main backbone of α-1→4-linkages and branches with β-1→6-linkages
(B) The main backbone of β-1→4-linkages and no branches
(C) The main backbone of β-1→6-linkages and branches with β-1→4-linkages
(D) The main backbone of α-1→4-linkages and no branches
31. : What is the general formula for polysaccharides?
(A) (CH₂O)n
(B) (CH₁₂O)n
(C) (C&H₁Os)n
(D) (C₆H₁₀O₆)n
32. : Which is the distinguishing test between monosaccharides and disaccharides?
(A) Barfoed’s Test
(B) Bial’s Test
(C) Seliwanoff’s Test
(D) Hydrolysis Test
33. : The copper in Barfoed’s Solution is not reduced by which of the following?
(A) Glucose
(B) Sucrose
(C) Mannose
(D) Ribose
34. : Iodine solution provides no colour with which of the following?
(A) Glycogen
(B) Starch
(C) Dextrin
(D) Cellulose
35. : Which is not a polymer of D-Glucose?
(A) Inulin
(B) Amylose
(C) Starch
(D) Glycogen
36. : What is the reason for the selection of furanose (ribose) rather than pyranose (glucose) for nucleic acids?
(A) Furanose ring is more stable than pyranose
(B) Furanose ring is more flexible than pyranose
(C) It is sterically difficult to incorporate a pyranose ring in the double helix
(D) Furanose phosphodiesters are easier to form
37. : Which has been isolated from human heart muscles?
(A) D-Arabinose
(B) D-Ribose
(C) D-Lyxose
(D) D-Xylose
38. : Benedict’s test is likely to give weakly positive results with concentrated urine due to the action of
(A) Uric acid
(B) Ammonium salts
(C) Urea
(D) Phosphates
39. : Dextran is a polymer of glucose units. What type of linkages is predominant in its structure?
(A) α-1,6-glycosidic linkages
(B) β-1,4-glycosidic linkages
(C) α-1,2 and β-1,3 glycosidic linkages
(D) All of these
40. : Which carbohydrate makes the terminal residue in ‘O’ substance (H-antigen) – the mother antigen of ‘ABO’ blood group substances?
(A) N-AcGlu
(B) Fucose
(C) Gal
(D) Xylose
41. : Chitin that forms the exoskeleton of crustaceans consists of:
(A) β-1,4-linkages between glucose residues
(B) α-1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-glucosamine residues
(C) β-1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-glucosamine and glucose residues
(D) β-1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-glucosamine residues
42. : Which is considered as the most abundant organic compound in the biosphere?
(A) Starch
(B) Chitin
(C) Hyaluronidase
(D) Cellulose
43. : Which carbohydrate is polymerized through β-1,4 glycosidic linkages?
(A) Amylose
(B) Lactose
(C) Sucrose
(D) Maltose
44. : β-Amylase of malt hydrolyzes starch by:
(A) Hydrolyzing the internal glycosidic linkages
(B) Removing glucose molecules from the reducing end
(C) Removing maltose units from the non-reducing end
(D) Hydrolyzing glycosidic linkages
45. : Phosphorylation of carbohydrates makes the molecule anionic. What could be the purpose of this ionization?
(A) The negative charge results in better interaction with enzyme active sites
(B) It prevents sugars from leaking out of the plasma membranes
(C) It creates reactive intermediates for glycosidic linkage formation
(D) All of these
46. : What is the systematic name of sucrose?
(A) 1-α-D-glucopyranosyl-2-β-D-fructofuranoside
(B) 1-α-D-glucopyranosyl-2-β-D-fructopyranoside
(C) 1-β-D-glucofuranosyl-2-α-D-fructopyranoside
(D) 1-β-D-glucofuranosyl-2-α-D-fructofuranoside
47. : Which oligosaccharide mediates the binding of H. pylori to the gastric mucosa?
(A) Oligosaccharide from Blood Group ‘O’ substance
(B) Oligosaccharide from Blood Group ‘A’ substance
(C) Oligosaccharide from Blood Group ‘B’ substance
(D) Oligosaccharide of ganglioside GM1
48. : In patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, which metabolic change is true?
(A) Impaired uptake of glucose
(B) Increased rate of fatty acid oxidation
(C) Impaired synthesis of fatty acids
(D) All of these
49. : During the synthesis of sucrose, glucose is activated to which moiety?
(A) UDP-Glucose
(B) Glucose-1-Phosphate
(C) Phospho-glucosyl-1-phospho-pyrophosphate
(D) Glucose-6-Phosphate
50. : In the presence of dilute alkali, monosaccharides undergo reversible isomerisation. What is the name of this reaction?
(A) Kiliani reaction
(B) Weermann rearrangement
(C) Lobry de Bruyn van Ekenstein rearrangement
(D) Mutarotation