The chemical formula of naphthalene is C10H8.
Physical Properties of Naphthalene
| Properties | Details |
| Appearance | Colorless to white solid crystals |
| Boiling Point | 218.0°C |
| Chemical Formula | C₁₀H₈ |
| Density | 1.145 g/cm³ |
| Flammability | Highly flammable; forms flammable vapor-air mixtures |
| Melting Point | 80.2°C |
| Molecular Weight | 128.17 g/mol |
| Odor | Strong, characteristic mothball-like odor |
| Refractive Index | 1.583 at 20°C |
| Solubility | Insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents |
| Vapor Pressure | 0.001 mmHg at 25°C |
Chemical Properties of Naphthalene
| Properties | Details |
| Aromaticity | Exhibits aromatic properties due to a benzene ring |
| Combustibility | Naphthalene burns readily, producing sooty flames |
| Halogenation | Undergoes halogenation reactions to form halogen derivatives |
| Oxidation | Reacts with strong oxidizing agents |
| Photodegradation | Decomposes upon exposure to sunlight and UV radiation |
| Polymerization | Can undergo polymerization to form larger molecules |
| Reactivity with Acids | Forms salts with acids, such as naphthalene sulfonic acid |
| Reduction | Can be reduced to tetralin and other derivatives |
| Sublimation | Exhibits sublimation, transitioning from solid to vapor |
| Toxicity | Can be toxic if ingested or inhaled in high concentrations |
Reactions of naphthalen with Alkali Metal
| Alkali Metal | Chemical Equation | |
| Lithium (Li) | 2Li + C10H8 react and convert into Li2C10H8 | |
| Sodium (Na) | 2Na + C10H8 react and convert into Na2 C10H8 | |
| Potassium (K) | 2K + C10H8 react and convert into K2 C10H8 | |
| Rubidium (Rb) | 2Rb + C10H8 react and convert into Rb2 C10H8 | |
| Cesium (Cs) | 2Cs + C10H8 react and convert into Cs2 C10H8 |
Reactions of naphthalen with Alkaline Earth Metal
| Alkaline Earth Metal | Chemical Equation | |
| Beryllium (Be) | 2Be + C10H8 react and convert into Be2 C10H8 | |
| Magnesium (Mg) | 2Mg + C10H8 react and convert into Mg2 C10H8 | |
| Calcium (Ca) | 2Ca + C10H8 react and convert into Ca2 C10H8 | |
| Strontium (Sr) | 2Sr + C10H8 react and convert into Sr2 C10H8 | |
| Barium (Ba) | 2Ba + C10H8 react and convert into Ba2 C10H8 | |
| Radium (Ra) | 2Ra + C10H8 react and convert into Ra2 C10H8 |
Reactions of naphthalen with Transition Metal
| Transition Metal | Chemical Equation | |
| Iron (Fe) | Fe + C10H8 react and convert into Fe(C10H8) | |
| Cobalt (Co) | Co + C10H8 react and convert into Co(C10H8) | |
| Nickel (Ni) | Ni + C10H8 react and convert into Ni(C10H8) | |
| Copper (Cu) | Cu + C10H8 react and convert into Cu(C10H8) | |
| Silver (Ag) | 2Ag + C10H8 react and convert into 2Ag(C10H8) |
Reactions of naphthalen with Non-Metal
| Non-Metal | Chemical Equation | |
| Halogens (Cl, Br, I) | C10H8+ X2 react and convert into C10H8X2 (where X = Cl, Br, or I) | |
| Sulfur (S) | C10H8+ S react and convert into C10H8S | |
| Oxygen (O) | C10H8+ 12O2 react and convert into 10CO2 + 4H2O | |
| Nitrogen (N) | C10H8+ HNO3 react and convert into C10H7NO2 + H2O |
Reactions of naphthalen with Metalloid
| Metalloid | Chemical Equation | |
| Boron (B) | C10H8 + BF3 react and convert into C10H7BF3 + HF |