1. The most common cause of surgical acute abdomen is:
(A) Acute pancreatitis
(B) Intestinal obstruction
(C) Acute appendicitis
(D) Perforated ulcer
2. Perforated peptic ulcer most commonly occurs in:
(A) Duodenal bulb
(B) Gastric antrum
(C) Fundus
(D) Esophagus
3. The investigation of choice in suspected hollow viscus perforation is:
(A) CT scan
(B) Erect X-ray abdomen
(C) Ultrasound abdomen
(D) Barium study
4. Pneumoperitoneum is best seen under:
(A) Right dome of diaphragm
(B) Left dome of diaphragm
(C) Pelvis
(D) Flanks
5. The most common cause of acute intestinal obstruction in adults is:
(A) Hernia
(B) Adhesions
(C) Volvulus
(D) Tumor
6. The most common cause of acute intestinal obstruction in children is:
(A) Hernia
(B) Intussusception
(C) Adhesions
(D) Malrotation
7. The classical triad of intussusception is:
(A) Pain, vomiting, and rectal bleeding
(B) Pain, mass, and constipation
(C) Fever, mass, and diarrhea
(D) Jaundice, mass, and ascites
8. Coffee-bean sign on X-ray abdomen is diagnostic of:
(A) Sigmoid volvulus
(B) Cecal volvulus
(C) Intussusception
(D) Perforation
9. The most common site of volvulus is:
(A) Stomach
(B) Cecum
(C) Sigmoid colon
(D) Small intestine
10. The most common cause of peritonitis is:
(A) Ruptured appendix
(B) Perforated duodenal ulcer
(C) Perforated diverticulitis
(D) Trauma
11. Most sensitive investigation for peritonitis is:
(A) CT scan
(B) Ultrasound
(C) Erect X-ray
(D) Laparoscopy
12. Acute mesenteric ischemia is most commonly due to:
(A) Arterial embolism
(B) Venous thrombosis
(C) Vasculitis
(D) Atherosclerosis
13. Gold standard investigation for mesenteric ischemia is:
(A) Doppler USG
(B) CT angiography
(C) Barium study
(D) Plain X-ray
14. The most common cause of upper GI bleed is:
(A) Esophageal varices
(B) Mallory-Weiss tear
(C) Peptic ulcer disease
(D) Gastritis
15. The most common cause of massive lower GI bleed in adults is:
(A) Colon cancer
(B) Diverticulosis
(C) Hemorrhoids
(D) Angiodysplasia
16. First-line treatment of bleeding esophageal varices is:
(A) Band ligation
(B) TIPS
(C) Sclerotherapy
(D) Balloon tamponade
17. Most common site of traumatic abdominal bleeding is:
(A) Spleen
(B) Liver
(C) Kidney
(D) Mesentery
18. The most common cause of traumatic hemoperitoneum is:
(A) Splenic rupture
(B) Liver laceration
(C) Kidney injury
(D) Mesenteric tear
19. FAST in trauma stands for:
(A) Focused Abdominal Sonography in Trauma
(B) First Aid Surgical Test
(C) Fast Assessment of Shock Trauma
(D) Focused Analysis of Surgical Trauma
20. The most common type of shock in trauma is:
(A) Hypovolemic shock
(B) Cardiogenic shock
(C) Septic shock
(D) Neurogenic shock
21. Kehr’s sign indicates:
(A) Splenic rupture
(B) Liver injury
(C) Pancreatitis
(D) Perforated ulcer
22. Seat-belt sign is associated with:
(A) Hollow viscus injury
(B) Liver trauma
(C) Renal trauma
(D) Pancreatitis
23. The most common cause of non-traumatic splenic rupture is:
(A) Malaria
(B) Infectious mononucleosis
(C) Leukemia
(D) Lymphoma
24. Beck’s triad (hypotension, muffled heart sounds, JVD) is seen in:
(A) Hemothorax
(B) Tension pneumothorax
(C) Cardiac tamponade
(D) Myocardial infarction
25. The first investigation in suspected head injury is:
(A) MRI brain
(B) CT scan brain
(C) Skull X-ray
(D) EEG
26. The most common site of extradural hematoma is:
(A) Frontal
(B) Temporal
(C) Occipital
(D) Parietal
27. Lucid interval is characteristic of:
(A) Subdural hematoma
(B) Subarachnoid hemorrhage
(C) Extradural hematoma
(D) Intracerebral hemorrhage
28. The most common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage is:
(A) Trauma
(B) Berry aneurysm rupture
(C) AV malformation
(D) Hypertension
29. Battle’s sign is seen in:
(A) Skull base fracture
(B) Intracranial bleed
(C) Scalp hematoma
(D) Subdural hematoma
30. Raccoon eyes indicate:
(A) Basilar skull fracture
(B) Subdural hematoma
(C) Brain contusion
(D) Orbital fracture
31. In tension pneumothorax, trachea shifts to:
(A) Same side
(B) Opposite side
(C) Midline
(D) Downward
32. Needle decompression in tension pneumothorax is done at:
(A) 5th intercostal space, midaxillary line
(B) 2nd intercostal space, midclavicular line
(C) 3rd intercostal space, parasternal
(D) 4th intercostal space, anterior axillary line
33. The most common cause of hemothorax is:
(A) Trauma
(B) TB
(C) Lung cancer
(D) Pneumonia
34. Flail chest occurs due to:
(A) Multiple rib fractures
(B) Pneumothorax
(C) Hemothorax
(D) Sternal fracture
35. The most common cause of massive hemoptysis is:
(A) Bronchiectasis
(B) TB
(C) Lung cancer
(D) Pneumonia
36. Most common cause of acute urinary retention in males is:
(A) Bladder stone
(B) Carcinoma bladder
(C) Benign prostatic hyperplasia
(D) Stricture urethra
37. Priapism is most commonly associated with:
(A) Trauma
(B) Sickle cell anemia
(C) Leukemia
(D) Drugs
38. Testicular torsion most commonly occurs in:
(A) Neonates
(B) Prepubertal boys
(C) Adolescents
(D) Elderly
39. Gold standard investigation for testicular torsion is:
(A) Doppler ultrasound
(B) CT scan
(C) MRI
(D) Angiography
40. Fournier’s gangrene involves:
(A) Abdominal wall
(B) Perineum and scrotum
(C) Lower limb
(D) Chest wall
41. The most common cause of thyroid storm is:
(A) Thyroidectomy
(B) Infection in thyrotoxic patient
(C) Trauma
(D) Drug reaction
42. Ludwig’s angina is:
(A) Infection of parotid gland
(B) Cellulitis of submandibular space
(C) Peritonsillar abscess
(D) Retropharyngeal abscess
43. The most dangerous complication of Ludwig’s angina is:
(A) Sepsis
(B) Airway obstruction
(C) Mediastinitis
(D) Aspiration
44. The most common cause of acute limb ischemia is:
(A) Arterial embolism
(B) Arterial thrombosis
(C) Trauma
(D) Vasculitis
45. The 6 Ps of acute limb ischemia include:
(A) Pain, Pallor, Pulselessness, Paresthesia, Paralysis, Poikilothermia
(B) Pain, Pallor, Pulmonary edema, Paralysis, Polyuria, Pyrexia
(C) Pain, Pallor, Purpura, Palpitation, Paralysis, Pyrexia
(D) Pain, Pitting, Pulselessness, Paralysis, Pallor, Polycythemia
46. The most common site of arterial embolism is:
(A) Femoral artery
(B) Popliteal artery
(C) Brachial artery
(D) Aortic bifurcation
47. Compartment syndrome most commonly follows:
(A) Tibial fracture
(B) Femoral fracture
(C) Humeral fracture
(D) Pelvic fracture
48. Gold standard investigation for compartment syndrome is:
(A) Clinical examination
(B) MRI
(C) Compartment pressure measurement
(D) CT scan
49. The definitive treatment for compartment syndrome is:
(A) Heparin therapy
(B) Limb elevation
(C) Fasciotomy
(D) Steroids
50. The most common cause of surgical emergency worldwide is:
(A) Acute appendicitis
(B) Cholecystitis
(C) Intestinal obstruction
(D) Trauma