1. In sprinting, which muscle group provides the primary propulsive force?
(A) Quadriceps
(B) Hamstrings and gluteals
(C) Deltoids
(D) Biceps brachii
2. During the take-off phase of a vertical jump, the primary type of muscle contraction is:
(A) Eccentric
(B) Isometric
(C) Concentric
(D) Isokinetic
3. The release angle for maximum horizontal distance in throwing is approximately:
(A) 15°
(B) 30°
(C) 45°
(D) 75°
4. Which biomechanical principle explains the importance of follow-through in throwing?
(A) Conservation of momentum
(B) Newton’s first law
(C) Work-energy principle
(D) Impulse-momentum relationship
5. Stride length in running is influenced most by:
(A) Arm swing
(B) Leg length and flexibility
(C) Shoe weight
(D) Lung volume
6. In long jump, horizontal velocity is primarily generated during:
(A) Approach run
(B) Take-off
(C) Flight
(D) Landing
7. In overarm throwing, which joint action contributes most to ball speed?
(A) Elbow flexion
(B) Shoulder internal rotation
(C) Wrist extension
(D) Finger abduction
8. Ground reaction force (GRF) peaks during which running phase?
(A) Mid-stance
(B) Swing phase
(C) Toe-off
(D) Arm drive
9. Which biomechanical factor most improves jump height?
(A) Increasing impulse
(B) Reducing inertia
(C) Decreasing torque
(D) Minimizing drag
10. Optimal sprint performance requires:
(A) High stride frequency and stride length
(B) Low ground reaction force
(C) Minimal hip extension
(D) Decreased arm swing
11. The stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) enhances performance in:
(A) Jumping and sprinting
(B) Swimming
(C) Archery
(D) Bowling
12. Projectile motion in throwing depends on:
(A) Angle, velocity, and height of release
(B) Weight of the ball only
(C) Air pressure only
(D) Grip strength only
13. In sprinting, braking forces occur during:
(A) Initial ground contact
(B) Push-off
(C) Flight phase
(D) Arm recovery
14. The Fosbury flop technique in high jump uses:
(A) Center of mass passing under the bar
(B) Straddle technique
(C) Linear take-off
(D) Center of mass passing below body position
15. In baseball pitching, energy transfer follows:
(A) Proximal-to-distal sequence
(B) Distal-to-proximal sequence
(C) Static-to-dynamic reversal
(D) None of the above
16. Which factor reduces air resistance in sprinting?
(A) Streamlined body posture
(B) Increasing stride width
(C) Wearing heavier clothing
(D) Leaning backward
17. The main purpose of the run-up in javelin throwing is to:
(A) Generate momentum
(B) Improve balance
(C) Lower center of gravity
(D) Reduce fatigue
18. Elastic energy storage in tendons is most important for:
(A) Running efficiency
(B) Bone growth
(C) Joint lubrication
(D) Muscle fatigue
19. During a basketball jump shot, the release height increases:
(A) Projectile flight time
(B) Projectile horizontal velocity
(C) Required muscle torque
(D) Landing force
20. The Magnus effect explains:
(A) Curve in spinning balls
(B) Running speed
(C) Joint stability
(D) Muscle hypertrophy
21. Which variable most affects throwing distance?
(A) Release velocity
(B) Grip strength
(C) Arm length only
(D) Wrist size
22. In sprinting, arm action contributes to:
(A) Counterbalancing leg movement
(B) Increasing stride length only
(C) Reducing ground reaction force
(D) Lowering center of gravity
23. The impulse-momentum relationship in long jump shows that:
(A) Greater impulse increases velocity
(B) Lower impulse reduces balance
(C) Momentum is irrelevant
(D) Force decreases with time
24. Landing forces in jumping can be reduced by:
(A) Flexing hips, knees, and ankles
(B) Keeping legs stiff
(C) Increasing body weight
(D) Decreasing joint angles
25. Which biomechanical principle helps in sprint starts?
(A) Newton’s third law
(B) Hooke’s law
(C) Archimedes’ principle
(D) Bernoulli’s principle
26. Optimal release angle in shot put is:
(A) 30–35°
(B) 40–42°
(C) 50–55°
(D) 60°
27. Sprint acceleration is best improved by:
(A) Increasing horizontal force application
(B) Reducing vertical force only
(C) Increasing stride width
(D) Decreasing trunk lean
28. During triple jump, which phase requires most control?
(A) Hop phase
(B) Step phase
(C) Jump phase
(D) Flight phase
29. A high coefficient of restitution in sports balls means:
(A) Greater bounce
(B) Less friction
(C) Higher drag
(D) Slower speed
30. In swimming starts, reaction time is crucial for:
(A) Reducing start delay
(B) Increasing buoyancy
(C) Decreasing drag
(D) Improving oxygen uptake
31. Which factor increases stability in wrestling?
(A) Wide base of support
(B) Narrow stance
(C) High center of gravity
(D) Short contact time
32. Plyometric training enhances:
(A) Explosive power
(B) Flexibility only
(C) Cardiovascular endurance
(D) Muscle relaxation
33. In hammer throw, angular momentum depends on:
(A) Mass, radius, and angular velocity
(B) Height only
(C) Grip strength only
(D) Muscle endurance
34. Stride frequency in sprinting is improved by:
(A) Neuromuscular training
(B) Shoe size
(C) Body weight
(D) Static stretching only
35. Center of mass plays a key role in:
(A) Jump height and balance
(B) Arm swing only
(C) Wrist extension only
(D) Grip force only
36. Projectile range in discus throw depends on:
(A) Release velocity and angle
(B) Arm length only
(C) Athlete’s mass only
(D) Grip strength
37. In hurdling, clearance is improved by:
(A) Leading leg mechanics
(B) Arm swing only
(C) Trunk stiffness
(D) Reducing speed
38. The eccentric phase of stretch-shortening cycle occurs during:
(A) Landing before a jump
(B) Take-off
(C) Flight phase
(D) Follow-through
39. Rotational inertia in gymnastics is reduced by:
(A) Tucking the body
(B) Spreading arms
(C) Extending legs
(D) Increasing mass
40. In pole vaulting, the pole stores:
(A) Elastic potential energy
(B) Kinetic energy only
(C) Gravitational energy only
(D) Friction energy
41. Which biomechanical factor improves sprint start reaction?
(A) Neural activation speed
(B) Body mass
(C) Shoe color
(D) Grip strength
42. Arm velocity in throwing contributes to:
(A) Final ball speed
(B) Stability only
(C) Weight only
(D) None of the above
43. A larger moment arm in striking sports increases:
(A) Force production
(B) Energy loss
(C) Reaction time
(D) Stability only
44. Fatigue reduces sprinting efficiency by:
(A) Altering running mechanics
(B) Increasing height
(C) Improving drag
(D) Strengthening muscles only
45. Optimal biomechanical factor for long-distance running is:
(A) Energy efficiency
(B) Maximum force output
(C) Vertical impulse
(D) Maximum stride width
46. During soccer kicking, which muscle group produces the most power?
(A) Hip flexors and quadriceps
(B) Deltoids
(C) Wrist flexors
(D) Trapezius
47. Angular velocity in discus throw is maximized by:
(A) Rapid trunk rotation
(B) Static arm position
(C) Reduced hip movement
(D) Narrow stance
48. Landing in gymnastics requires:
(A) Flexion at hips, knees, and ankles
(B) Stiff joints
(C) Minimal joint motion
(D) Extended legs only
49. Sprinting ground contact time is typically:
(A) Less than 0.1–0.12 seconds
(B) 0.5 seconds
(C) 1 second
(D) 2 seconds
50. Sports biomechanics mainly helps in:
(A) Performance enhancement and injury prevention
(B) Nutritional planning
(C) Psychological counseling
(D) Only cardiovascular training