1. What are joint reaction forces?
(A) Forces applied only by muscles
(B) Net forces transmitted across a joint
(C) Only gravitational forces on joints
(D) Frictional forces in joints
2. Joint reaction forces are mainly generated by:
(A) Muscles and ligaments
(B) Bones only
(C) Cartilage only
(D) External load only
3. The unit of joint reaction force is:
(A) Joule
(B) Newton
(C) Watt
(D) Meter
4. Which joint often experiences the greatest reaction force during walking?
(A) Shoulder joint
(B) Knee joint
(C) Wrist joint
(D) Elbow joint
5. Which joint bears high reaction forces during running?
(A) Ankle joint
(B) Hip joint
(C) Spine
(D) All of the above
6. Joint reaction forces depend on:
(A) Muscle activity
(B) External load
(C) Joint position
(D) All of the above
7. During standing, most joint reaction force passes through:
(A) Shoulder joint
(B) Hip joint
(C) Ankle joint
(D) Elbow joint
8. Which method is commonly used to estimate joint reaction forces?
(A) Electromyography
(B) Inverse dynamics
(C) MRI scanning
(D) Ultrasound
9. Joint reaction forces are important for understanding:
(A) Posture
(B) Movement mechanics
(C) Injury risk
(D) All of the above
10. Excessive joint reaction forces may lead to:
(A) Increased bone density
(B) Joint degeneration
(C) Muscle hypertrophy
(D) Faster reflexes
11. Which joint reaction force increases with body weight?
(A) Knee
(B) Ankle
(C) Hip
(D) All of the above
12. During stair climbing, which joint faces higher reaction forces?
(A) Knee
(B) Hip
(C) Ankle
(D) All of the above
13. Joint reaction forces represent:
(A) Internal resistance
(B) Contact forces between joint surfaces
(C) External push and pull
(D) Gravitational pull only
14. When squatting, the knee joint reaction force:
(A) Decreases
(B) Increases
(C) Remains constant
(D) Disappears
15. The hip joint reaction force while walking is approximately:
(A) 0.5 × body weight
(B) 1 × body weight
(C) 3–4 × body weight
(D) 6 × body weight
16. Which factor reduces joint reaction forces?
(A) Increasing muscle force
(B) Reducing load
(C) Reducing speed of motion
(D) Both B and C
17. Joint reaction forces are critical in:
(A) Joint replacement design
(B) Prosthetic limb design
(C) Rehabilitation exercises
(D) All of the above
18. The ankle joint reaction force during running may reach:
(A) 2 × body weight
(B) 4 × body weight
(C) 6 × body weight
(D) 8 × body weight
19. Which soft tissue helps distribute joint reaction forces?
(A) Ligaments
(B) Cartilage
(C) Tendons
(D) Muscles
20. When carrying a heavy backpack, joint reaction forces increase in:
(A) Spine
(B) Hip
(C) Knee
(D) All of the above
21. Which activity produces higher hip joint reaction force?
(A) Standing
(B) Walking
(C) Running
(D) Sleeping
22. Which joint bears repetitive joint reaction forces in cycling?
(A) Shoulder
(B) Knee
(C) Wrist
(D) Elbow
23. Higher joint reaction forces may cause:
(A) Osteoarthritis progression
(B) Cartilage wear
(C) Stress fractures
(D) All of the above
24. In a push-up, reaction forces mainly act on:
(A) Elbow joint
(B) Wrist joint
(C) Shoulder joint
(D) All of the above
25. Knee joint reaction force is maximum at:
(A) Full extension
(B) 90° flexion
(C) Mid-range flexion
(D) During rotation
26. Muscle contraction contributes to joint reaction forces by:
(A) Increasing compression
(B) Decreasing compression
(C) Neutralizing load
(D) Eliminating load
27. Which factor affects joint reaction forces most?
(A) Load magnitude
(B) Acceleration
(C) Muscle activation
(D) All of the above
28. Joint reaction force in the hip increases when:
(A) Leaning forward
(B) Carrying weight on one side
(C) Standing on one leg
(D) All of the above
29. Reaction forces in joints help maintain:
(A) Stability
(B) Balance
(C) Alignment
(D) All of the above
30. Which daily activity causes high spinal joint reaction forces?
(A) Sleeping
(B) Lifting heavy objects
(C) Standing upright
(D) Walking slowly
31. Measuring joint reaction forces helps in:
(A) Preventing overuse injuries
(B) Designing safer exercises
(C) Understanding load distribution
(D) All of the above
32. The wrist joint experiences high reaction forces during:
(A) Typing
(B) Push-ups
(C) Walking
(D) Sleeping
33. In normal gait, knee joint reaction force peaks at:
(A) Heel strike
(B) Mid-stance
(C) Toe-off
(D) Swing phase
34. Hip joint reaction forces increase in which condition?
(A) Obesity
(B) Osteoarthritis
(C) Muscle weakness
(D) All of the above
35. The shoulder joint experiences high reaction forces in:
(A) Throwing
(B) Lifting overhead
(C) Swimming
(D) All of the above
36. Which rehabilitation activity reduces joint reaction forces?
(A) Swimming
(B) Jogging
(C) Stair climbing
(D) Sprinting
37. Joint reaction forces are distributed by:
(A) Synovial fluid
(B) Cartilage
(C) Menisci
(D) All of the above
38. Running downhill increases reaction forces in:
(A) Shoulder
(B) Elbow
(C) Knee
(D) Wrist
39. Which joint reaction force is critical in hip replacement surgery?
(A) Shear force
(B) Compressive force
(C) Tensile force
(D) Torque
40. Increased stride length during running:
(A) Decreases joint reaction forces
(B) Increases joint reaction forces
(C) Does not affect joint forces
(D) Eliminates forces
41. Which factor reduces knee joint reaction force?
(A) Using walking aids
(B) Strengthening quadriceps
(C) Losing body weight
(D) All of the above
42. Joint reaction forces are lowest in:
(A) Standing still
(B) Walking slowly
(C) Swimming
(D) Jumping
43. Which sports create high shoulder joint reaction forces?
(A) Baseball pitching
(B) Tennis serving
(C) Volleyball spiking
(D) All of the above
44. The ankle joint experiences maximum reaction force at:
(A) Push-off
(B) Heel strike
(C) Mid-stance
(D) Swing phase
45. Joint reaction forces act in which directions?
(A) Compression
(B) Shear
(C) Tension
(D) All of the above
46. Measuring joint reaction forces is important in:
(A) Sports biomechanics
(B) Clinical rehabilitation
(C) Orthopedic surgery
(D) All of the above
47. Reaction force in joints increases with:
(A) Faster movement
(B) Heavier load
(C) Poor posture
(D) All of the above
48. Knee joint reaction force while climbing stairs can reach:
(A) 2 × body weight
(B) 3 × body weight
(C) 4 × body weight
(D) 5 × body weight
49. Excessive joint reaction forces may result in:
(A) Cartilage breakdown
(B) Joint instability
(C) Chronic pain
(D) All of the above
50. Joint reaction forces in the human body are essential for:
(A) Normal movement
(B) Maintaining posture
(C) Load transmission
(D) All of the above