1. Which of the following is the most common cause of iron deficiency anemia worldwide?
(A) Chronic kidney disease
(B) Dietary deficiency
(C) Chronic blood loss
(D) Vitamin B12 deficiency
2. Which investigation is most sensitive for early detection of myocardial infarction?
(A) CK-MB
(B) Troponin I/T
(C) ECG
(D) Chest X-ray
3. Which of the following is the first-line drug in hypertension management?
(A) Loop diuretics
(B) ACE inhibitors
(C) Beta-blockers
(D) Digoxin
4. Which electrolyte imbalance is commonly seen with loop diuretics?
(A) Hyperkalemia
(B) Hypokalemia
(C) Hypercalcemia
(D) Hypernatremia
5. The classic triad of meningitis includes:
(A) Fever, headache, photophobia
(B) Fever, neck stiffness, altered sensorium
(C) Fever, rash, vomiting
(D) Headache, seizures, confusion
6. The most common cause of peptic ulcer disease is:
(A) NSAID use
(B) H. pylori infection
(C) Alcohol
(D) Stress
7. The hallmark feature of nephrotic syndrome is:
3.5 g/day’)”> (A) Hematuria
3.5 g/day” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q7’, ‘Proteinuria >3.5 g/day’)”> (B) Proteinuria >3.5 g/day
3.5 g/day’)”> (C) Oliguria
3.5 g/day’)”> (D) Hypertension
8. Which vitamin deficiency causes night blindness?
(A) Vitamin A
(B) Vitamin C
(C) Vitamin D
(D) Vitamin K
9. The best initial management of anaphylaxis is:
(A) IV steroids
(B) IV fluids
(C) IM adrenaline
(D) Antihistamines
10. The most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia is:
(A) Klebsiella pneumoniae
(B) Mycoplasma pneumoniae
(C) Streptococcus pneumoniae
(D) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
11. The gold standard investigation for pulmonary embolism is:
(A) CT pulmonary angiography
(B) V/Q scan
(C) Chest X-ray
(D) ECG
12. The “butterfly rash” on the face is typical of:
(A) Rheumatoid arthritis
(B) Systemic lupus erythematosus
(C) Dermatomyositis
(D) Psoriasis
13. Which sign is most specific for appendicitis?
(A) Rovsing’s sign
(B) Murphy’s sign
(C) Psoas sign
(D) McBurney’s tenderness
14. The most common cause of hypothyroidism worldwide is:
(A) Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
(B) Iodine deficiency
(C) Pituitary disease
(D) Drug-induced
15. Which heart sound is associated with heart failure?
(A) S1
(B) S2
(C) S3
(D) S4
16. The drug of choice for status epilepticus is:
(A) Phenytoin
(B) Diazepam/Lorazepam
(C) Valproate
(D) Carbamazepine
17. Which hormone is deficient in Addison’s disease?
(A) Cortisol
(B) Thyroxine
(C) Insulin
(D) Aldosterone
18. The most common cause of cirrhosis in the world is:
(A) Alcohol
(B) Hepatitis B and C
(C) Autoimmune hepatitis
(D) Wilson’s disease
19. Atrial fibrillation most commonly predisposes to:
(A) Stroke
(B) Myocardial infarction
(C) Pulmonary embolism
(D) Hypertension
20. Which vitamin deficiency causes scurvy?
(A) Vitamin A
(B) Vitamin B1
(C) Vitamin C
(D) Vitamin D
21. The first-line treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus is:
(A) Sulfonylureas
(B) Metformin
(C) Insulin
(D) Thiazolidinediones
22. Which condition is associated with “cobblestone mucosa” on colonoscopy?
(A) Ulcerative colitis
(B) Crohn’s disease
(C) Irritable bowel syndrome
(D) Colon cancer
23. The most common cause of secondary hypertension is:
(A) Renal artery stenosis
(B) Thyroid disease
(C) Pheochromocytoma
(D) Cushing’s syndrome
24. The hallmark sign of pericardial tamponade is:
(A) Pulsus paradoxus
(B) Hypertension
(C) Bradycardia
(D) Loud S2
25. The triad of polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia is seen in:
(A) Diabetes insipidus
(B) Diabetes mellitus
(C) Addison’s disease
(D) Cushing’s syndrome
26. Which is the gold standard test for tuberculosis diagnosis?
(A) Chest X-ray
(B) Sputum culture for Mycobacterium
(C) Mantoux test
(D) GeneXpert PCR
27. The commonest cause of chronic liver disease in children is:
(A) Wilson’s disease
(B) Hepatitis C
(C) Hepatitis B
(D) Autoimmune hepatitis
28. The hallmark sign of right-sided heart failure is:
(A) Pulmonary edema
(B) Peripheral edema
(C) Orthopnea
(D) Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
29. The “honeycomb lung” appearance is seen in:
(A) Asthma
(B) Pulmonary fibrosis
(C) COPD
(D) Bronchiectasis
30. The triad of confusion, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia indicates:
(A) Korsakoff’s syndrome
(B) Wernicke’s encephalopathy
(C) Stroke
(D) Parkinson’s disease
31. The most common cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide is:
(A) Hypertension
(B) Diabetes mellitus
(C) Polycystic kidney disease
(D) Glomerulonephritis
32. Which heart murmur is described as “diastolic rumble with opening snap”?
(A) Aortic stenosis
(B) Mitral stenosis
(C) Mitral regurgitation
(D) Aortic regurgitation
33. Which electrolyte abnormality causes Trousseau’s and Chvostek’s signs?
(A) Hyperkalemia
(B) Hypocalcemia
(C) Hypernatremia
(D) Hypomagnesemia
34. The most common cause of upper GI bleeding is:
(A) Peptic ulcer disease
(B) Gastritis
(C) Esophageal varices
(D) Mallory-Weiss tear
35. A patient with COPD is advised to avoid:
(A) Oxygen therapy
(B) Beta-blockers
(C) Inhaled bronchodilators
(D) Corticosteroids
36. Which investigation confirms deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
(A) Doppler ultrasound
(B) CT scan
(C) MRI
(D) X-ray
37. Which vitamin deficiency causes megaloblastic anemia?
(A) Vitamin B1
(B) Vitamin B6
(C) Vitamin B12
(D) Vitamin K
38. Which autoimmune condition is associated with exophthalmos?
(A) Hypothyroidism
(B) Grave’s disease
(C) Addison’s disease
(D) Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
39. Which disease presents with Kayser-Fleischer rings in the eyes?
(A) Wilson’s disease
(B) Hemochromatosis
(C) Hepatitis B
(D) Cirrhosis
40. Which condition is diagnosed using the Schilling test?
(A) Pernicious anemia
(B) Iron deficiency anemia
(C) Hemolytic anemia
(D) Sickle cell anemia
41. The drug of choice for acute gout attack is:
(A) Allopurinol
(B) Colchicine
(C) Febuxostat
(D) Aspirin
42. Which murmur increases on standing and decreases on squatting?
(A) Aortic stenosis
(B) Mitral regurgitation
(C) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
(D) Aortic regurgitation
43. The most common complication of diabetes mellitus is:
(A) Diabetic ketoacidosis
(B) Diabetic neuropathy
(C) Diabetic nephropathy
(D) Diabetic retinopathy
44. The hallmark feature of Parkinson’s disease is:
(A) Spasticity
(B) Cogwheel rigidity
(C) Flaccid paralysis
(D) Fasciculations
45. Which deficiency leads to beriberi?
(A) Vitamin B1
(B) Vitamin B6
(C) Vitamin B12
(D) Vitamin C
46. The diagnostic test for Myasthenia Gravis is:
(A) Tensilon test
(B) EEG
(C) EMG
(D) CT scan
47. Which type of hepatitis is transmitted by contaminated water?
(A) Hepatitis A
(B) Hepatitis B
(C) Hepatitis C
(D) Hepatitis D
48. The commonest cause of death in myocardial infarction is:
(A) Heart failure
(B) Arrhythmias
(C) Pericarditis
(D) Pulmonary embolism
49. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is seen in bronchial asthma?
(A) Type I
(B) Type II
(C) Type III
(D) Type IV
50. The diagnostic triad of asthma includes:
(A) Dyspnea, wheeze, cough
(B) Fever, cough, sputum
(C) Chest pain, palpitations, dyspnea
(D) Hemoptysis, dyspnea, cyanosis