1. Balance in biomechanics is defined as the ability to:
(A) Maintain the center of mass within the base of support
(B) Move as fast as possible
(C) Increase muscle strength only
(D) Reduce weight on the spine
2. Stability refers to:
(A) Resistance to displacement
(B) Speed of motion
(C) Joint flexibility
(D) Muscular contraction
3. The center of gravity in the human body is usually located near:
(A) Head
(B) Thoracic spine
(C) Second sacral vertebra
(D) Knee joint
4. A wider base of support generally:
(A) Reduces stability
(B) Increases stability
(C) Has no effect
(D) Decreases balance
5. When the center of mass moves outside the base of support, the body will:
(A) Remain balanced
(B) Lose balance
(C) Increase stability
(D) Reduce gravity
6. Lowering the center of gravity will:
(A) Increase stability
(B) Decrease stability
(C) Have no effect
(D) Cause imbalance
7. Dynamic balance refers to maintaining stability while:
(A) Standing still
(B) Moving
(C) Sleeping
(D) Sitting
8. Static balance refers to maintaining stability while:
(A) Running
(B) Jumping
(C) Stationary
(D) Throwing
9. Which system plays the most important role in balance?
(A) Circulatory system
(B) Nervous system
(C) Digestive system
(D) Respiratory system
10. Which sensory system detects head position and movement?
(A) Visual system
(B) Vestibular system
(C) Muscular system
(D) Respiratory system
11. Which sensory system provides information about body position relative to the environment?
(A) Visual
(B) Auditory
(C) Digestive
(D) Circulatory
12. Which receptors provide feedback on joint position and muscle stretch?
(A) Baroreceptors
(B) Proprioceptors
(C) Chemoreceptors
(D) Photoreceptors
13. Stability is greatest when the line of gravity passes:
(A) Inside the base of support
(B) Outside the base of support
(C) At the head
(D) At the shoulders
14. Standing on one leg decreases stability because:
(A) Base of support is reduced
(B) Center of mass is lowered
(C) Gravity is reduced
(D) Muscles are relaxed
15. Athletes bend their knees in defense stances to:
(A) Raise center of gravity
(B) Lower center of gravity
(C) Reduce base of support
(D) Increase line of gravity
16. Balance is harder to maintain when the surface is:
(A) Firm
(B) Stable
(C) Uneven
(D) Wide
17. The main role of core muscles in balance is to:
(A) Reduce arm movement
(B) Provide trunk stability
(C) Increase speed
(D) Support respiration
18. Postural sway is the natural movement of the body to maintain:
(A) Balance
(B) Speed
(C) Endurance
(D) Muscle contraction
19. In biomechanics, equilibrium refers to:
(A) Equal weight distribution
(B) State of no acceleration
(C) Constant forward motion
(D) Sudden change in velocity
20. Greater body mass usually requires:
(A) Less stability
(B) More stability
(C) No effect on balance
(D) No base of support
21. Gymnasts extend arms sideways during balance to:
(A) Narrow base of support
(B) Widen base of support
(C) Reduce stability
(D) Eliminate gravity
22. Which factor decreases balance control?
(A) Strong muscles
(B) Aging
(C) Good vision
(D) Proprioception
23. Balance training is most important in preventing:
(A) Muscle growth
(B) Falls
(C) Flexibility
(D) Endurance loss
24. Which type of balance is needed in walking?
(A) Static
(B) Dynamic
(C) Passive
(D) Fixed
25. Standing on a wobble board mainly improves:
(A) Speed
(B) Balance
(C) Strength
(D) Flexibility
26. The line of gravity is an imaginary line through the:
(A) Center of mass
(B) Base of support
(C) Foot arch
(D) Shoulder joint
27. Stability is reduced if the center of gravity is:
(A) Higher
(B) Lower
(C) Inside base
(D) Closer to sacrum
28. A tightrope walker uses a pole to:
(A) Shift center of gravity
(B) Increase base of support
(C) Increase line of gravity
(D) Reduce weight
29. Standing on tiptoes decreases stability because:
(A) Base of support narrows
(B) Center of gravity lowers
(C) Muscles relax
(D) Line of gravity increases
30. Which condition leads to poor balance?
(A) Vestibular dysfunction
(B) Strong legs
(C) Good vision
(D) Neutral posture
31. Balance in elderly people can be improved by:
(A) Endurance training
(B) Balance exercises
(C) Cardio exercises
(D) Rest only
32. Stability during running is maintained by:
(A) Dynamic balance
(B) Static balance
(C) Passive balance
(D) Fixed balance
33. Lower limb prosthesis users need more:
(A) Muscle endurance
(B) Balance training
(C) Bone strength
(D) Heart training
34. Which factor contributes most to stability in wrestling?
(A) Wide stance
(B) Narrow stance
(C) High center of gravity
(D) Slouched posture
35. The main plane of postural sway in standing is:
(A) Sagittal
(B) Coronal
(C) Transverse
(D) Horizontal
36. The base of support increases when:
(A) Feet are apart
(B) Feet are close
(C) Standing on tiptoes
(D) Standing on one leg
37. Which sport requires high dynamic balance?
(A) Archery
(B) Gymnastics
(C) Chess
(D) Swimming
38. A sudden push tests an individual’s:
(A) Static stability
(B) Dynamic stability
(C) Strength
(D) Flexibility
39. Which body system integrates balance control?
(A) Nervous system
(B) Digestive system
(C) Respiratory system
(D) Circulatory system
40. Standing with arms folded reduces:
(A) Base of support
(B) Center of gravity
(C) Dynamic stability
(D) Upper body sway control
41. Stability is more difficult when the line of gravity is:
(A) Near the edge of base of support
(B) Within the center of support
(C) Lowered
(D) Neutral
42. Children learning to walk have poor stability because:
(A) High center of gravity
(B) Large head size
(C) Narrow base of support
(D) All of the above
43. Balance boards are used for:
(A) Balance training
(B) Strength training
(C) Flexibility
(D) Aerobic fitness
44. Which factor improves stability in athletes?
(A) Lower stance and wide base
(B) Upright narrow stance
(C) Raised center of gravity
(D) Relaxed muscles
45. Stability during cycling is mainly achieved through:
(A) Gyroscopic effect and balance adjustments
(B) Base of support only
(C) Visual system only
(D) Static balance
46. In yoga, tree pose mainly trains:
(A) Dynamic balance
(B) Static balance
(C) Flexibility
(D) Cardiovascular endurance
47. Standing on a moving bus requires:
(A) Dynamic balance
(B) Static balance
(C) Strength
(D) Flexibility
48. Which type of stability is critical in martial arts defense?
(A) Dynamic stability
(B) Static stability
(C) Passive stability
(D) Reflex stability
49. Postural stability is maintained by interaction of:
(A) Visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive systems
(B) Muscles only
(C) Ligaments only
(D) Joints only
50. Reduced balance control increases risk of:
(A) Falls and injuries
(B) Muscle growth
(C) Fat loss
(D) Cardiovascular endurance