1. What is the name of the functional unit of the kidney?
(A) Nephron
(B) Glomerulus
(C) Renal pelvis
(D) Ureter
2. What is the name of the process by which urine is expelled from the bladder?
(A) Filtration
(B) Micturition
(C) Reabsorption
(D) Secretion
3. What is the primary function of the bladder?
(A) To filter blood
(B) To store urine until it is excreted
(C) To produce urine
(D) To regulate electrolyte balance
4. What is the primary function of the kidneys?
(A) To produce hormones
(B) To store and excrete bile
(C) To regulate body temperature
(D) To filter blood and produce urine
5. What is the primary function of the urethra?
(A) To filter blood
(B) To collect urine from the kidneys
(C) To store urine
(D) To transport urine from the bladder to the outside of the body
6. What is the primary role of the glomerulus in the nephron?
(A) To reabsorb water and nutrients
(B) To secrete hormones
(C) To filter blood to form urine
(D) To transport urine to the bladder
7. What is the role of the renal pelvis?
(A) To filter blood
(B) To collect and channel urine from the kidneys to the ureters
(C) To regulate blood pressure
(D) To produce urine
8. What is the term for a decreased urine output?
(A) Polyuria
(B) Anuria
(C) Oliguria
(D) Dysuria
9. Which condition is characterized by the presence of blood in the urine?
(A) Pyuria
(B) Oliguria
(C) Hematuria
(D) Anuria
10. Which hormone increases the production of urine and is released in response to high blood pressure?
(A) Aldosterone
(B) Renin
(C) Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
(D) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
11. Which hormone regulates the reabsorption of water in the kidneys?
(A) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
(B) Adrenaline
(C) Insulin
(D) Cortisol
12. Which of the following is a waste product commonly excreted in urine?
(A) Glucose
(B) Urea
(C) Amino acids
(D) Vitamins
13. Which part of the nephron is responsible for the reabsorption of water and electrolytes?
(A) Bowman's capsule
(B) Proximal convoluted tubule
(C) Glomerulus
(D) Distal convoluted tubule
14. Which structure carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder?
(A) Urethra
(B) Renal artery
(C) Ureter
(D) Renal vein
15. Which structure surrounds and protects the kidneys?
(A) Bladder
(B) Ureter
(C) Renal capsule
(D) Urethra