Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates (Islamic Study) MCQs
- Who established the Abbasid Caliphate?
a) Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan
b) Abu Bakr
c) Abu al-Abbas al-Saffah
d) Ali ibn Abi Talib
Answer: c) Abu al-Abbas al-Saffah
- Which city served as the capital of the Umayyad Caliphate?
a) Baghdad
b) Medina
c) Damascus
d) Mecca
Answer: c) Damascus
- Which caliphate is known for its advancements in science, philosophy, and literature?
a) Abbasid Caliphate
b) Rashidun Caliphate
c) Umayyad Caliphate
d) Fatimid Caliphate
Answer: a) Abbasid Caliphate
- Who was the first Abbasid Caliph?
a) Harun al-Rashid
b) Al-Ma’mun
c) Abu al-Abbas al-Saffah
d) Al-Mu’tasim
Answer: c) Abu al-Abbas al-Saffah
- Under which caliphate did the Islamic Golden Age flourish?
a) Umayyad Caliphate
b) Rashidun Caliphate
c) Abbasid Caliphate
d) Fatimid Caliphate
Answer: c) Abbasid Caliphate
- Which caliphate faced challenges from regional governors who asserted their autonomy?
a) Umayyad Caliphate
b) Abbasid Caliphate
c) Rashidun Caliphate
d) Fatimid Caliphate
Answer: b) Abbasid Caliphate
- Who established the Umayyad Caliphate?
a) Abu Bakr
b) Umar ibn al-Khattab
c) Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan
d) Ali ibn Abi Talib
Answer: c) Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan
- Which caliphate expanded into parts of Spain, North Africa, and Central Asia?
a) Rashidun Caliphate
b) Fatimid Caliphate
c) Umayyad Caliphate
d) Abbasid Caliphate
Answer: c) Umayyad Caliphate
- Which caliphate saw the sacking of Baghdad by the Mongols in 1258?
a) Abbasid Caliphate
b) Rashidun Caliphate
c) Fatimid Caliphate
d) Umayyad Caliphate
Answer: a) Abbasid Caliphate
- Who was the famous Abbasid Caliph known for his patronage of learning and the establishment of the House of Wisdom in Baghdad?
a) Abu Bakr
b) Al-Ma’mun
c) Umar ibn al-Khattab
d) Ali ibn Abi Talib
Answer: b) Al-Ma’mun
- Which caliphate was established after the assassination of Uthman ibn Affan?
a) Rashidun Caliphate
b) Umayyad Caliphate
c) Abbasid Caliphate
d) Fatimid Caliphate
Answer: a) Rashidun Caliphate
- Who was the founder of the Umayyad dynasty?
a) Abu Bakr
b) Uthman ibn Affan
c) Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan
d) Umar ibn al-Khattab
Answer: c) Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan
- Which caliphate was known for its naval prowess and trade dominance in the Mediterranean?
a) Abbasid Caliphate
b) Rashidun Caliphate
c) Fatimid Caliphate
d) Umayyad Caliphate
Answer: d) Fatimid Caliphate
- Who was the last caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate?
a) Abu Bakr
b) Umar ibn al-Khattab
c) Uthman ibn Affan
d) Ali ibn Abi Talib
Answer: d) Ali ibn Abi Talib
- Which caliphate was founded by Abdullah ibn Muhammad al-Mahdi Billah?
a) Abbasid Caliphate
b) Umayyad Caliphate
c) Rashidun Caliphate
d) Fatimid Caliphate
Answer: d) Fatimid Caliphate
- Under which caliphate did the city of Cairo become a center of learning and culture?
a) Rashidun Caliphate
b) Umayyad Caliphate
c) Fatimid Caliphate
d) Abbasid Caliphate
Answer: c) Fatimid Caliphate
- Who was the first caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate?
a) Abu Bakr
b) Umar ibn al-Khattab
c) Uthman ibn Affan
d) Ali ibn Abi Talib
Answer: a) Abu Bakr
- Which caliphate was known for its development of Arabic literature and poetry?
a) Umayyad Caliphate
b) Rashidun Caliphate
c) Fatimid Caliphate
d) Abbasid Caliphate
Answer: d) Abbasid Caliphate
- Who was the last caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate?
a) Muawiya II
b) Yazid III
c) Marwan II
d) Abdul-Malik ibn Marwan
Answer: c) Marwan II
- Which caliphate saw the establishment of the city of Kufa as a military garrison?
a) Umayyad Caliphate
b) Abbasid Caliphate
c) Fatimid Caliphate
d) Rashidun Caliphate
Answer: d) Rashidun Caliphate
- Who was the first Abbasid caliph to move the capital from Damascus to Baghdad?
a) Al-Mansur
b) Al-Mahdi
c) Harun al-Rashid
d) Al-Mu’tasim
Answer: a) Al-Mansur
- Which caliphate was founded by Hasan ibn Ali, the grandson of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)?
a) Umayyad Caliphate
b) Abbasid Caliphate
c) Fatimid Caliphate
d) Rashidun Caliphate
Answer: c) Fatimid Caliphate
- Who was the famous Abbasid caliph known for his patronage of arts and sciences?
a) Al-Ma’mun
b) Al-Mansur
c) Al-Mahdi
d) Harun al-Rashid
Answer: d) Harun al-Rashid
- Which caliphate witnessed the establishment of the city of Medina as the capital?
a) Rashidun Caliphate
b) Umayyad Caliphate
c) Abbasid Caliphate
d) Fatimid Caliphate
Answer: a) Rashidun Caliphate
- Who was the first caliph of the Umayyad dynasty?
a) Uthman ibn Affan
b) Abu Bakr
c) Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan
d) Yazid I
Answer: c) Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan
- Which caliphate saw the emergence of the Sunni and Shia divide?
a) Umayyad Caliphate
b) Rashidun Caliphate
c) Abbasid Caliphate
d) Fatimid Caliphate
Answer: a) Umayyad Caliphate
- Who was the founder of the Abbasid dynasty?
a) Al-Mansur
b) Abu al-Abbas al-Saffah
c) Al-Ma’mun
d) Harun al-Rashid
Answer: b) Abu al-Abbas al-Saffah
- Which caliphate saw the establishment of the city of Medina as the capital?
a) Umayyad Caliphate
b) Rashidun Caliphate
c) Abbasid Caliphate
d) Fatimid Caliphate
Answer: b) Rashidun Caliphate
- Who was the famous Abbasid caliph known for his translation movement and preservation of Greek and Roman texts?
a) Al-Mansur
b) Al-Ma’mun
c) Harun al-Rashid
d) Al-Mahdi
Answer: b) Al-Ma’mun
- Which caliphate witnessed the Battle of Tours, where the Muslims were defeated by the Frankish forces?
a) Umayyad Caliphate
b) Abbasid Caliphate
c) Rashidun Caliphate
d) Fatimid Caliphate
Answer: a) Umayyad Caliphate
