1. Tensile force is best defined as:
(A) A force that pushes materials together
(B) A force that pulls materials apart
(C) A force acting parallel to a surface
(D) A resisting torque
2. Compressive force acts to:
(A) Shorten or squash a material
(B) Lengthen or stretch a material
(C) Rotate a material
(D) Shear a material
3. Shear force acts:
(A) Along the axis of the object
(B) Perpendicular to the surface
(C) Parallel to the surface
(D) Radially inward
4. Which force is experienced in ligaments during stretching?
(A) Tensile
(B) Compressive
(C) Shear
(D) Rotational
5. Which force is dominant in vertebral discs under body weight?
(A) Tensile
(B) Compressive
(C) Shear
(D) Frictional
6. Shear forces in joints may lead to:
(A) Dislocations
(B) Elongation
(C) Shortening
(D) Stabilization
7. In a rope under pulling load, the fibers primarily resist:
(A) Compressive stress
(B) Tensile stress
(C) Shear stress
(D) Torsional stress
8. In pushing a wall, the wall resists mainly with:
(A) Tensile forces
(B) Compressive forces
(C) Shear forces
(D) Frictional forces
9. Shear forces are most critical in:
(A) Bone fractures
(B) Tendon stretching
(C) Muscle hypertrophy
(D) Joint lubrication
10. Tensile forces act in muscles because:
(A) Muscles can only pull, not push
(B) Muscles can push bones away
(C) Muscles rotate bones by compression
(D) Muscles resist shear stresses
11. When standing, the femur experiences:
(A) Tensile load only
(B) Compressive load only
(C) Both tensile and compressive stresses
(D) Pure shear
12. In running, Achilles tendon resists mainly:
(A) Tensile forces
(B) Compressive forces
(C) Shear forces
(D) Friction
13. Shear force acts to:
(A) Slide one layer over another
(B) Crush a body
(C) Pull a body apart
(D) Stretch evenly
14. Which bone is most prone to shear fractures?
(A) Tibia
(B) Vertebrae
(C) Skull
(D) Femur neck
15. Compressive forces in joints are resisted by:
(A) Cartilage
(B) Ligaments
(C) Tendons
(D) Muscles
16. Tensile forces are resisted mainly by:
(A) Cartilage
(B) Ligaments and tendons
(C) Bone marrow
(D) Synovial fluid
17. Shear force in knee joint commonly arises during:
(A) Jumping vertically
(B) Sliding or twisting motions
(C) Standing still
(D) Breathing
18. Compressive stress formula is:
(A) Force ÷ Area
(B) Area ÷ Force
(C) Mass × Acceleration
(D) Length ÷ Force
19. Tensile stress is calculated as:
(A) Load ÷ Area
(B) Force × Distance
(C) Stress ÷ Area
(D) Pressure ÷ Volume
20. Shear stress is:
(A) Force ÷ Volume
(B) Force ÷ Area (parallel to surface)
(C) Force ÷ Time
(D) Stress ÷ Distance
21. Compressive forces increase in body during:
(A) Lying flat
(B) Standing on one leg
(C) Swimming
(D) Floating
22. Which tissue is most adapted to compressive forces?
(A) Bone
(B) Tendon
(C) Ligament
(D) Skin
23. Which tissue is most adapted to tensile forces?
(A) Bone
(B) Tendon
(C) Cartilage
(D) Fat
24. Which tissue is most adapted to shear forces?
(A) Cartilage
(B) Muscle
(C) Ligament
(D) Nerve
25. Compressive forces are minimized in bones by:
(A) Bone curvature
(B) Trabecular alignment
(C) Cartilage distribution
(D) All of the above
26. Tensile strength of tendons depends on:
(A) Collagen fiber arrangement
(B) Calcium content
(C) Fat content
(D) Blood supply
27. Shear forces in the spine are resisted by:
(A) Intervertebral discs
(B) Cartilage alone
(C) Tendons
(D) Muscle bellies
28. Which is an example of compressive loading?
(A) Pressing a spring
(B) Pulling a rubber band
(C) Sliding a book sideways
(D) Twisting a rope
29. Which is an example of tensile loading?
(A) Hanging weight on a rope
(B) Pushing a wall
(C) Compressing a sponge
(D) Twisting an arm
30. Which is an example of shear loading?
(A) Scissors cutting paper
(B) Rope stretching
(C) Spring compression
(D) Hammering a nail
31. Excessive tensile force in muscle-tendon unit may cause:
(A) Sprain
(B) Strain
(C) Fracture
(D) Dislocation
32. Excessive compressive force in bone may cause:
(A) Sprain
(B) Strain
(C) Compression fracture
(D) Muscle tear
33. Excessive shear force in ligament may cause:
(A) Sprain
(B) Strain
(C) Muscle tear
(D) Bone hypertrophy
34. The femur resists compressive stress due to:
(A) Compact bone structure
(B) Cartilage covering
(C) Ligament support
(D) Muscle pull
35. Tensile forces increase in Achilles tendon during:
(A) Sitting
(B) Walking
(C) Jumping
(D) Lying
36. Shear force in teeth arises during:
(A) Grinding food sideways
(B) Biting vertically
(C) Clenching jaw statically
(D) Smiling
37. The strongest resistance to compressive forces is shown by:
(A) Cortical bone
(B) Tendon
(C) Ligament
(D) Cartilage
38. Tensile forces act along:
(A) The axis pulling material apart
(B) Perpendicular to the surface
(C) Parallel to the surface
(D) No fixed direction
39. Shear forces are highest in joints during:
(A) High-speed twisting
(B) Static standing
(C) Relaxation
(D) Isometric contraction
40. Which exercise increases compressive loading on vertebrae?
(A) Heavy squats
(B) Bicep curls
(C) Swimming
(D) Cycling
41. Which exercise increases tensile loading in upper limbs?
(A) Pull-ups
(B) Squats
(C) Deadlifts
(D) Push-ups
42. Which exercise increases shear loading at knee joint?
(A) Side lunges
(B) Vertical jumps
(C) Push-ups
(D) Swimming kicks
43. The unit of tensile, compressive, and shear stress is:
(A) Newton
(B) Pascal
(C) Joule
(D) Watt
44. The femoral neck fracture in elderly is due to:
(A) Tensile and shear stress
(B) Compressive load only
(C) Tensile load only
(D) Lack of blood supply
45. Cartilage resists compressive loads by:
(A) Water content and proteoglycans
(B) Calcium salts
(C) Elastic fibers
(D) Fat storage
46. Ligaments resist tensile forces because of:
(A) Parallel collagen fibers
(B) High calcium content
(C) Proteoglycans
(D) High water content
47. Excess shear in spinal discs may cause:
(A) Disc herniation
(B) Muscle cramp
(C) Bone hypertrophy
(D) Tendon rupture
48. Which force type dominates in suspension bridges?
(A) Compressive
(B) Tensile
(C) Shear
(D) Rotational
49. Which force type dominates in building pillars?
(A) Tensile
(B) Compressive
(C) Shear
(D) Torsional
50. Which force dominates in cutting with a knife?
(A) Tensile
(B) Compressive
(C) Shear
(D) Frictional