1. Scapulohumeral rhythm refers to:
(A) The coordinated movement between the scapula and humerus
(B) Movement of the humerus only
(C) Movement of the scapula only
(D) Rotation of the clavicle
2. During normal shoulder abduction, the ratio of humeral to scapular movement is:
(A) 1:1
(B) 2:1
(C) 3:2
(D) 4:1
3. The first 30° of shoulder abduction primarily involves:
(A) Scapular rotation
(B) Humeral movement
(C) Clavicular rotation
(D) Thoracic movement
4. After the first 30° of abduction, further motion involves:
(A) Scapular upward rotation
(B) Humeral adduction
(C) Clavicular depression
(D) Thoracic extension
5. Scapulohumeral rhythm is essential for:
(A) Full range of shoulder motion
(B) Elbow extension
(C) Wrist rotation
(D) Finger flexion
6. Which muscles are primarily responsible for scapular upward rotation?
(A) Trapezius and serratus anterior
(B) Deltoid and pectoralis major
(C) Rhomboids only
(D) Levator scapulae only
7. The upper trapezius contributes to:
(A) Elevation and upward rotation of scapula
(B) Depression of scapula
(C) Protraction only
(D) Retraction only
8. The middle trapezius contributes to:
(A) Scapular retraction
(B) Protraction
(C) Upward rotation
(D) Elevation
9. The lower trapezius contributes to:
(A) Depression and upward rotation
(B) Elevation only
(C) Protraction only
(D) Retraction only
10. The serratus anterior contributes to:
(A) Upward rotation and protraction
(B) Retraction only
(C) Elevation only
(D) Depression only
11. Scapular protraction occurs primarily at the:
(A) Acromioclavicular joint
(B) Sternoclavicular joint
(C) Glenohumeral joint
(D) Humeroulnar joint
12. The acromioclavicular joint allows:
(A) Scapular rotation and tilting
(B) Humeral flexion
(C) Elbow extension
(D) Wrist rotation
13. During shoulder abduction, the scapula rotates:
(A) Upward
(B) Downward
(C) Medially
(D) Anteriorly
14. During shoulder adduction, the scapula rotates:
(A) Downward
(B) Upward
(C) Medially
(D) Laterally
15. The clavicle elevates approximately how many degrees during full shoulder abduction?
(A) 5–10°
(B) 15–20°
(C) 30–40°
(D) 45–50°
16. During arm elevation, scapular tilting occurs to:
(A) Prevent impingement
(B) Increase elbow flexion
(C) Decrease humeral rotation
(D) Extend the wrist
17. Normal scapulohumeral rhythm minimizes:
(A) Subacromial impingement
(B) Elbow instability
(C) Wrist strain
(D) Finger stiffness
18. If the scapula does not rotate adequately, it may lead to:
(A) Shoulder impingement
(B) Elbow dislocation
(C) Wrist sprain
(D) Finger contractures
19. The deltoid muscle contributes primarily to:
(A) Humeral abduction
(B) Scapular rotation
(C) Clavicular movement
(D) Finger extension
20. The supraspinatus contributes to:
(A) Initiation of shoulder abduction
(B) Scapular depression
(C) Elbow flexion
(D) Wrist extension
21. Scapulohumeral rhythm is most evident during:
(A) Arm abduction in the scapular plane
(B) Elbow flexion
(C) Wrist rotation
(D) Finger flexion
22. During full abduction, the scapula contributes approximately:
(A) 60°
(B) 90°
(C) 30°
(D) 120°
23. During full abduction, the humerus contributes approximately:
(A) 120°
(B) 60°
(C) 30°
(D) 90°
24. Abnormal scapulohumeral rhythm is termed:
(A) Scapular dyskinesis
(B) Shoulder subluxation
(C) Glenohumeral instability
(D) Rotator cuff tear
25. Scapular dyskinesis can result from:
(A) Muscle weakness or tightness
(B) Elbow dislocation
(C) Wrist fracture
(D) Finger deformities
26. Upward rotation of the scapula occurs around which axis?
(A) Mediolateral axis
(B) Anteroposterior axis
(C) Vertical axis
(D) Diagonal axis
27. Scapular posterior tilt helps to:
(A) Increase subacromial space
(B) Flex the elbow
(C) Extend the wrist
(D) Rotate the fingers
28. During arm elevation, the clavicle rotates approximately:
(A) 30–50°
(B) 5–10°
(C) 10–15°
(D) 60–70°
29. The lower trapezius and serratus anterior work together to:
(A) Upwardly rotate scapula
(B) Adduct humerus
(C) Flex elbow
(D) Extend wrist
30. Scapular retraction occurs during:
(A) Pulling movements
(B) Pushing movements
(C) Elbow extension
(D) Wrist flexion
31. Scapular protraction occurs during:
(A) Pushing movements
(B) Pulling movements
(C) Elbow flexion
(D) Shoulder rotation
32. The scapula moves in how many planes during abduction?
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
33. Scapular winging is due to weakness of:
(A) Serratus anterior
(B) Deltoid
(C) Trapezius only
(D) Supraspinatus only
34. Scapular downward rotation occurs during:
(A) Lowering the arm
(B) Arm abduction
(C) Shoulder flexion
(D) Elbow extension
35. The scapulothoracic joint is:
(A) A functional joint
(B) A synovial joint
(C) A hinge joint
(D) A pivot joint
36. The scapula contributes to shoulder stability by:
(A) Providing dynamic support
(B) Limiting elbow motion
(C) Preventing wrist flexion
(D) Extending the fingers
37. Muscle imbalance affecting scapulohumeral rhythm can lead to:
(A) Rotator cuff injuries
(B) Finger deformities
(C) Wrist fractures
(D) Elbow contractures
38. The term “scapulohumeral rhythm” was first described by:
(A) Codman
(B) Neer
(C) Inman
(D) Bigliani
39. Shoulder abduction in the scapular plane is also called:
(A) Scaption
(B) Flexion
(C) Extension
(D) Adduction
40. Scapular anterior tilt occurs during:
(A) Shoulder flexion
(B) Arm abduction
(C) Elbow extension
(D) Wrist rotation
41. Proper scapulohumeral rhythm is important for:
(A) Pain-free shoulder motion
(B) Elbow extension
(C) Finger flexion
(D) Wrist rotation
42. Overactive upper trapezius can cause:
(A) Scapular elevation and impingement
(B) Shoulder flexion
(C) Elbow flexion
(D) Wrist extension
43. The ratio of humeral to scapular motion may vary in:
(A) Different individuals
(B) Fingers
(C) Elbow
(D) Wrist
44. Scapular depression occurs with:
(A) Lowering the arm
(B) Arm abduction
(C) Shoulder flexion
(D) Elbow extension
45. The scapula rotates upward by approximately:
(A) 60° during full abduction
(B) 30°
(C) 45°
(D) 90°
46. During shoulder abduction, the clavicle moves at which joint?
(A) Sternoclavicular
(B) Glenohumeral
(C) Acromioclavicular
(D) Scapulothoracic
47. Scapulohumeral rhythm is crucial for:
(A) Maximum shoulder elevation
(B) Elbow flexion
(C) Wrist rotation
(D) Finger extension
48. Dysfunction in scapulohumeral rhythm can cause:
(A) Shoulder impingement
(B) Finger contractures
(C) Wrist sprain
(D) Elbow fracture
49. The middle trapezius stabilizes the scapula during:
(A) Arm elevation
(B) Elbow flexion
(C) Wrist extension
(D) Finger flexion
50. Coordination of scapula and humerus reduces:
(A) Subacromial compression
(B) Elbow strain
(C) Wrist injury
(D) Finger stiffness