1. Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating ovulation in females?
a) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
b) Luteinizing hormone (LH)
c) Estrogen
d) Progesterone
Answer: b) Luteinizing hormone (LH)
2. The corpus luteum primarily produces which hormone after ovulation?
a) Estrogen
b) Progesterone
c) Prolactin
d) Oxytocin
Answer: b) Progesterone
3. Which hormone is responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in females?
a) Progesterone
b) Testosterone
c) Estrogen
d) LH
Answer: c) Estrogen
4. The hypothalamus secretes which hormone to regulate the release of gonadotropins from the pituitary gland?
a) Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
b) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
c) Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
d) Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
Answer: b) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
5. Which hormone is responsible for the maturation of ovarian follicles?
a) Progesterone
b) Estrogen
c) FSH
d) LH
Answer: c) FSH
6. During which phase of the menstrual cycle is progesterone at its highest level?
a) Follicular phase
b) Ovulatory phase
c) Luteal phase
d) Menstrual phase
Answer: c) Luteal phase
7. Which hormone is the primary determinant of male secondary sexual characteristics?
a) Estrogen
b) Testosterone
c) Progesterone
d) Prolactin
Answer: b) Testosterone
8. In males, which hormone stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone?
a) FSH
b) LH
c) Estrogen
d) GnRH
Answer: b) LH
9. The hormone inhibin is primarily produced by which structure in males?
a) Sertoli cells
b) Leydig cells
c) Prostate gland
d) Seminiferous tubules
Answer: a) Sertoli cells
10. Which of the following hormones is responsible for maintaining pregnancy during its early stages?
a) Estrogen
b) Progesterone
c) hCG (Human chorionic gonadotropin)
d) Oxytocin
Answer: c) hCG
11. The process of spermatogenesis is primarily stimulated by which hormone?
a) LH
b) FSH
c) Estrogen
d) Progesterone
Answer: b) FSH
12. Which hormone surge triggers the release of an oocyte from the follicle?
a) Estrogen
b) Progesterone
c) FSH
d) LH
Answer: d) LH
13. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is commonly associated with elevated levels of which hormone?
a) Insulin
b) Testosterone
c) Progesterone
d) Cortisol
Answer: b) Testosterone
14. Which hormone is responsible for milk production in females?
a) Oxytocin
b) Prolactin
c) Estrogen
d) Progesterone
Answer: b) Prolactin
15. Inhibin has a negative feedback effect on the production of which hormone?
a) LH
b) FSH
c) Progesterone
d) Estrogen
Answer: b) FSH
16. Which hormone is responsible for uterine contractions during labor?
a) Oxytocin
b) Progesterone
c) Prolactin
d) Estrogen
Answer: a) Oxytocin
17. The hormone relaxin, produced during pregnancy, serves primarily to:
a) Relax the uterine muscles
b) Prevent ovulation
c) Soften the cervix
d) Stimulate breast milk production
Answer: c) Soften the cervix
18. During menopause, levels of which hormone decline the most significantly?
a) Progesterone
b) Estrogen
c) FSH
d) LH
Answer: b) Estrogen
19. Which hormone is produced by the placenta and supports the pregnancy by maintaining the uterine lining?
a) Progesterone
b) Estrogen
c) hCG
d) Oxytocin
Answer: a) Progesterone
20. Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the development of the male reproductive system during fetal development?
a) Estrogen
b) Progesterone
c) Testosterone
d) Oxytocin
Answer: c) Testosterone
21. What is the role of the hormone anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in females?
a) Stimulates ovulation
b) Inhibits follicle depletion
c) Promotes implantation
d) Stimulates breast development
Answer: b) Inhibits follicle depletion
22. In males, which hormone is primarily responsible for the maturation of sperm?
a) LH
b) FSH
c) Estrogen
d) Progesterone
Answer: b) FSH
23. What effect does prolactin have on the reproductive system?
a) Stimulates ovulation
b) Inhibits ovulation
c) Promotes spermatogenesis
d) Increases testosterone production
Answer: b) Inhibits ovulation
24. What is the role of estrogen in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle?
a) To maintain the corpus luteum
b) To prepare the endometrium for implantation
c) To stimulate LH surge
d) To inhibit FSH
Answer: c) To stimulate LH surge
25. Which hormone levels are typically elevated in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)?
a) LH
b) FSH
c) Progesterone
d) Estrogen
Answer: a) LH
26. Which hormone is responsible for the development of male external genitalia during fetal development?
a) Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
b) Testosterone
c) Progesterone
d) Estrogen
Answer: a) Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
27. During pregnancy, which hormone stimulates the growth of the milk ducts in the breasts?
a) Estrogen
b) Progesterone
c) Prolactin
d) Oxytocin
Answer: a) Estrogen
28. Which hormone is primarily responsible for preventing the expulsion of the embryo in early pregnancy?
a) Estrogen
b) Progesterone
c) LH
d) Prolactin
Answer: b) Progesterone
29. Testosterone production in males is regulated by which feedback mechanism?
a) Positive feedback on FSH
b) Negative feedback on LH
c) Positive feedback on GnRH
d) Negative feedback on prolactin
Answer: b) Negative feedback on LH
30. Which hormone inhibits uterine contractions during pregnancy?
a) Estrogen
b) Progesterone
c) Oxytocin
d) Prolactin
Answer: b) Progesterone
31. During the luteal phase, which hormone sustains the thickened endometrium?
a) Estrogen
b) LH
c) FSH
d) Progesterone
Answer: d) Progesterone
32. Which hormone promotes the development of male secondary sexual characteristics?
a) Testosterone
b) LH
c) Progesterone
d) Oxytocin
Answer: a) Testosterone
33. High levels of which hormone are associated with the risk of multiple pregnancies during ovulation induction treatments?
a) Progesterone
b) Estrogen
c) FSH
d) LH
Answer: c) FSH
34. What is the function of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in early pregnancy?
a) Stimulates milk production
b) Prevents menstruation
c) Stimulates fetal growth
d) Maintains the corpus luteum
Answer: d) Maintains the corpus luteum
35. Which hormone is responsible for initiating and maintaining labor contractions?
a) Progesterone
b) Oxytocin
c) Prolactin
d) Estrogen
Answer: b) Oxytocin
36. What is the effect of estrogen on the cervical mucus during ovulation?
a) Thickens it
b) Thins it
c) Dries it out
d) Inhibits its production
Answer: b) Thins it
37. Which hormone is primarily responsible for inhibiting the release of FSH and LH after ovulation?
a) Estrogen
b) Progesterone
c) Testosterone
d) Inhibin
Answer: b) Progesterone
38. The absence of which hormone would result in the development of female genitalia in a male fetus?
a) Estrogen
b) Progesterone
c) Testosterone
d) Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
Answer: d) Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
39. Which hormone causes the final maturation of the egg during ovulation?
a) FSH
b) Estrogen
c) Progesterone
d) LH
Answer: d) LH
40. What is the main effect of androgens in females?
a) Stimulate ovulation
b) Promote development of male characteristics
c) Increase estrogen production
d) Induce menstruation
Answer: b) Promote development of male characteristics
41. Which hormone declines rapidly after menopause?
a) LH
b) FSH
c) Estrogen
d) Testosterone
Answer: c) Estrogen
42. Which of the following hormones is suppressed by the use of combined oral contraceptives?
a) Estrogen
b) LH
c) Progesterone
d) Prolactin
Answer: b) LH
43. Inhibin B is secreted by which cells in males?
a) Leydig cells
b) Sertoli cells
c) Spermatocytes
d) Epididymal cells
Answer: b) Sertoli cells
44. What is the function of kisspeptin in reproductive physiology?
a) Stimulates GnRH secretion
b) Inhibits LH secretion
c) Promotes estrogen synthesis
d) Inhibits progesterone production
Answer: a) Stimulates GnRH secretion
45. Which hormone is primarily responsible for the maturation of the uterine lining in preparation for implantation?
a) Estrogen
b) FSH
c) LH
d) Progesterone
Answer: d) Progesterone
46. In males, what is the role of 5-alpha reductase?
a) Converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
b) Inhibits spermatogenesis
c) Stimulates GnRH secretion
d) Converts cholesterol to testosterone
Answer: a) Converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
47. In females, elevated levels of which hormone can cause suppression of ovulation in conditions like hyperprolactinemia?
a) LH
b) Estrogen
c) Progesterone
d) Prolactin
Answer: d) Prolactin
48. Which hormone is responsible for thickening the endometrium during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle?
a) Progesterone
b) Estrogen
c) LH
d) FSH
Answer: b) Estrogen
49. What role does estradiol play in the menstrual cycle?
a) Induces the LH surge
b) Maintains the corpus luteum
c) Stimulates FSH production
d) Inhibits progesterone secretion
Answer: a) Induces the LH surge
50. Which hormone is elevated in menopause and signals ovarian insufficiency?
a) FSH
b) LH
c) Estrogen
d) Progesterone
Answer: a) FSH