1. Which of the following is the most common pediatric neuromuscular disorder treated by physiotherapists?
(A) Duchenne muscular dystrophy
(B) Cerebral palsy
(C) Spina bifida
(D) Muscular atrophy
2. Which type of cerebral palsy is characterized by high muscle tone and stiffness?
(A) Ataxic
(B) Spastic
(C) Dyskinetic
(D) Hypotonic
3. What is the primary physiotherapy goal in children with Down syndrome?
(A) Improve muscle tone and motor development
(B) Avoid exercise
(C) Prevent bone growth
(D) Immobilize joints
4. Which developmental milestone is expected at around 6 months of age?
(A) Standing independently
(B) Sitting without support
(C) Walking with support
(D) Running
5. Which test is commonly used to assess gross motor development in children?
(A) Denver Developmental Screening Test
(B) Berg Balance Test
(C) Mini-Mental State Examination
(D) Ashworth Scale
6. Which of the following is a red flag in pediatric motor development?
(A) Not sitting by 9 months
(B) Walking independently at 12 months
(C) Babbling at 8 months
(D) Crawling at 10 months
7. Which therapy approach is commonly used in pediatric neurorehabilitation?
(A) Bobath (Neurodevelopmental therapy)
(B) Maitland
(C) Cyriax
(D) Mulligan
8. Which pediatric condition often presents with Gower’s sign?
(A) Spina bifida
(B) Duchenne muscular dystrophy
(C) Cerebral palsy
(D) Poliomyelitis
9. Which orthosis is commonly used in children with foot drop?
(A) Knee brace
(B) Ankle-foot orthosis (AFO)
(C) Wrist splint
(D) Hip spica
10. Which exercise is emphasized in pediatric physiotherapy for coordination improvement?
(A) Frenkel’s exercises
(B) Core strengthening
(C) Plyometric jumps
(D) Passive stretching
11. Which reflex, if persistent beyond infancy, suggests neurological abnormality?
(A) Moro reflex
(B) Rooting reflex
(C) Palmar grasp reflex
(D) All of the above
12. Which position is best to encourage head control in infants?
(A) Supine
(B) Prone
(C) Side-lying
(D) Sitting
13. Which type of gait is most common in spastic cerebral palsy?
(A) Waddling gait
(B) Scissoring gait
(C) Circumduction gait
(D) High stepping gait
14. Which pediatric condition is associated with neural tube defects?
(A) Spina bifida
(B) Down syndrome
(C) Muscular dystrophy
(D) Hydrocephalus
15. What is the role of physiotherapy in juvenile idiopathic arthritis?
(A) Maintain joint mobility and prevent deformities
(B) Immobilization only
(C) Avoid exercise
(D) Bone strengthening only
16. Which breathing exercise is useful for children with cystic fibrosis?
(A) Incentive spirometry
(B) Diaphragmatic breathing
(C) Huff coughing
(D) All of the above
17. Which pediatric condition is associated with hypotonia and ligament laxity?
(A) Duchenne muscular dystrophy
(B) Down syndrome
(C) Spina bifida
(D) Poliomyelitis
18. What is the main physiotherapy focus in developmental coordination disorder?
(A) Improving balance and motor planning
(B) Strengthening bones
(C) Passive stretching
(D) Restricting activities
19. Which standardized test measures gross motor function in cerebral palsy?
(A) GMFM (Gross Motor Function Measure)
(B) Fugl-Meyer Assessment
(C) Berg Balance Scale
(D) Barthel Index
20. Which pediatric condition benefits most from hydrotherapy?
(A) Cerebral palsy
(B) Scoliosis
(C) Duchenne muscular dystrophy
(D) All of the above
21. Which milestone is usually achieved by 12 months?
(A) Sitting independently
(B) Standing and walking with support
(C) Crawling only
(D) Speaking in sentences
22. Which exercise approach encourages functional play in pediatrics?
(A) Task-oriented training
(B) Immobilization
(C) Static stretching only
(D) Isometric exercises only
23. Which reflex assists infants in locating the breast for feeding?
(A) Moro reflex
(B) Rooting reflex
(C) Stepping reflex
(D) Palmar reflex
24. What is the role of physiotherapy after pediatric cardiac surgery?
(A) Improve lung expansion and prevent atelectasis
(B) Increase bone density
(C) Avoid activity
(D) None of the above
25. Which assistive device is commonly used for ambulation in children with cerebral palsy?
(A) Walker
(B) Crutches
(C) Wheelchair
(D) All of the above
26. Which therapeutic play activity improves balance in children?
(A) Trampoline jumping
(B) Sitting quietly
(C) Coloring books
(D) Sleeping
27. Which therapy is most effective for scoliosis in children?
(A) Corrective exercises and bracing
(B) Passive stretching only
(C) Heat therapy
(D) Cryotherapy
28. Which pediatric condition is often treated with positioning and stretching?
(A) Congenital muscular torticollis
(B) Spina bifida
(C) Hydrocephalus
(D) Epilepsy
29. Which therapy helps in hand function recovery in children with hemiplegia?
(A) Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT)
(B) Passive stretching
(C) Massage only
(D) Electrical stimulation only
30. Which condition often requires chest physiotherapy in pediatrics?
(A) Cystic fibrosis
(B) Hydrocephalus
(C) Scoliosis
(D) Epilepsy
31. Which pediatric condition benefits from early weight-bearing training?
(A) Spina bifida
(B) Osteogenesis imperfecta
(C) Rickets
(D) Cerebral palsy
32. Which test is commonly used to assess fine motor development?
(A) Peabody Developmental Motor Scales
(B) Berg Balance Test
(C) Romberg Test
(D) Glasgow Coma Scale
33. Which therapy improves motor learning in children with autism?
(A) Sensory integration therapy
(B) Immobilization
(C) Cryotherapy
(D) Only passive stretching
34. Which exercise is suitable for strengthening core muscles in children?
(A) Bridging
(B) Plyometric jumps
(C) Wall sit
(D) Deadlift
35. Which of the following is an important principle in pediatric physiotherapy?
(A) Play-based therapy
(B) Long immobilization
(C) Avoiding activity
(D) Ignoring family involvement
36. Which condition often presents with scoliosis and requires physiotherapy management?
(A) Cerebral palsy
(B) Poliomyelitis
(C) Duchenne muscular dystrophy
(D) All of the above
37. Which reflex normally disappears by 4–6 months?
(A) Moro reflex
(B) Plantar grasp reflex
(C) Rooting reflex
(D) All of the above
38. Which pediatric condition often leads to contractures if untreated?
(A) Cerebral palsy
(B) Down syndrome
(C) Spina bifida
(D) Hydrocephalus
39. Which tool is used to measure functional independence in children with disabilities?
(A) WeeFIM (Functional Independence Measure for Children)
(B) Berg Balance Scale
(C) Mini-Mental Test
(D) Ashworth Scale
40. Which of the following is a complication of untreated congenital muscular torticollis?
(A) Facial asymmetry
(B) Scoliosis
(C) Head tilt
(D) All of the above
41. Which therapy is used for mobility training in spina bifida?
(A) Strengthening and orthotic support
(B) Immobilization
(C) Cryotherapy
(D) Static stretching only
42. Which milestone is expected by 18 months?
(A) Running independently
(B) Climbing stairs with support
(C) Sitting independently
(D) Crawling only
43. Which pediatric condition benefits from aquatic therapy?
(A) Cerebral palsy
(B) Muscular dystrophy
(C) Juvenile arthritis
(D) All of the above
44. Which technique is commonly used to reduce spasticity in children with CP?
(A) Prolonged stretching and positioning
(B) Quick vibration
(C) Plyometrics
(D) Immobilization
45. Which posture promotes midline orientation in infants?
(A) Side-lying
(B) Prone only
(C) Supine with arms restrained
(D) Sitting unsupported
46. Which condition requires regular monitoring for scoliosis progression?
(A) Duchenne muscular dystrophy
(B) Spina bifida
(C) Cerebral palsy
(D) All of the above
47. Which activity enhances hand-eye coordination in pediatrics?
(A) Ball games
(B) Swimming
(C) Cycling
(D) Skipping
48. Which therapeutic approach encourages weight shifting in children with CP?
(A) Neurodevelopmental therapy (NDT)
(B) Static stretching
(C) Immobilization
(D) Deep tissue massage
49. Which type of exercises are encouraged for bone health in growing children?
(A) Weight-bearing activities
(B) Passive stretching
(C) Cryotherapy
(D) Bed rest
50. The ultimate goal of pediatric physiotherapy is:
(A) Promote independence and functional development
(B) Avoid activity
(C) Focus only on reflexes
(D) Restrict play