Pediatric Surgery MCQs

1. What is the most common type of hernia in infants?
A) Umbilical hernia
B) Inguinal hernia
C) Femoral hernia
D) Hiatal hernia

Answer: B) Inguinal hernia


2. At what age should an umbilical hernia typically be repaired if it has not resolved spontaneously?
A) 6 months
B) 12 months
C) 24 months
D) 36 months

Answer: B) 12 months


3. What is the primary surgical treatment for appendicitis in children?
A) Antibiotics alone
B) Open appendectomy
C) Laparoscopic appendectomy
D) Observation and follow-up

Answer: C) Laparoscopic appendectomy


4. What is the most common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract in newborns?
A) Duodenal atresia
B) Esophageal atresia
C) Intestinal malrotation
D) Hirschsprung’s disease

Answer: B) Esophageal atresia


5. What is the standard initial management for a pediatric patient with intussusception?
A) Immediate surgery
B) Contrast enema reduction
C) Observation
D) Antibiotic therapy

Answer: B) Contrast enema reduction


6. What is the main concern with untreated Hirschsprung’s disease?
A) Infections
B) Malabsorption
C) Bowel obstruction and enterocolitis
D) Liver failure

Answer: C) Bowel obstruction and enterocolitis


7. What is the typical age for presenting symptoms of pyloric stenosis?
A) Birth to 2 weeks
B) 2 weeks to 2 months
C) 2 months to 6 months
D) 6 months to 1 year

Answer: C) 2 months to 6 months


8. What is the main surgical approach for correcting cryptorchidism if the testes have not descended by 1 year of age?
A) Open orchidopexy
B) Laparoscopic orchidopexy
C) Hormonal therapy
D) Watchful waiting

Answer: A) Open orchidopexy


9. What is the most common cause of bowel obstruction in children under 2 years of age?
A) Adhesions
B) Intussusception
C) Hernias
D) Volvulus

Answer: B) Intussusception


10. What is the primary surgical treatment for congenital diaphragmatic hernia?
A) Antibiotic therapy
B) Immediate surgical repair
C) Intubation and ventilation
D) Observation

Answer: B) Immediate surgical repair


11. What condition involves a failure of the embryonic closure of the abdominal wall, leading to exposure of abdominal contents?
A) Omphalocele
B) Gastroschisis
C) Umbilical hernia
D) Diaphragmatic hernia

Answer: B) Gastroschisis


12. What is the most common complication following a pyeloplasty in children?
A) Wound infection
B) Urinary tract infection
C) Urinary leakage
D) Hydronephrosis

Answer: C) Urinary leakage


13. What is the main goal of surgical intervention for biliary atresia?
A) Liver transplantation
B) Kasai procedure (hepatoportoenterostomy)
C) Cholecystectomy
D) Endoscopic balloon dilation

Answer: B) Kasai procedure (hepatoportoenterostomy)


14. What is the most appropriate management for a child with a non-reducible hernia?
A) Observation
B) Manual reduction
C) Elective hernia repair
D) Antibiotics

Answer: C) Elective hernia repair


15. What is the typical presentation of a child with a tracheoesophageal fistula?
A) Respiratory distress and feeding difficulties
B) Abdominal pain and vomiting
C) Jaundice and weight loss
D) Persistent cough and wheezing

Answer: A) Respiratory distress and feeding difficulties


16. What is the primary treatment for a child with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and an adrenal crisis?
A) Surgery
B) Hormone replacement therapy
C) Antimicrobial therapy
D) Fluid resuscitation

Answer: D) Fluid resuscitation


17. What is the most common type of appendiceal tumor in children?
A) Neuroblastoma
B) Wilms’ tumor
C) Appendiceal carcinoid tumor
D) Hepatoblastoma

Answer: C) Appendiceal carcinoid tumor


18. What is the first-line treatment for a child diagnosed with Wilms’ tumor?
A) Radiation therapy
B) Chemotherapy
C) Surgery
D) Hormone therapy

Answer: C) Surgery


19. What is the most common presentation of a child with a congenital obstructive uropathy?
A) Fever and dysuria
B) Abdominal pain and hematuria
C) Hydronephrosis and hypertension
D) Enuresis and frequent urinary tract infections

Answer: C) Hydronephrosis and hypertension


20. What is the recommended treatment for a child with a non-functioning appendix?
A) Conservative management
B) Appendectomy
C) Antibiotic therapy
D) Endoscopic removal

Answer: B) Appendectomy


21. What is the most appropriate initial management for a child with a suspected bowel obstruction?
A) Immediate surgery
B) Contrast imaging
C) Intravenous fluids and bowel rest
D) Oral laxatives

Answer: C) Intravenous fluids and bowel rest


22. What condition is characterized by the failure of the embryonic midgut to return to the abdominal cavity, resulting in a bowel herniation?
A) Omphalocele
B) Gastroschisis
C) Umbilical hernia
D) Inguinal hernia

Answer: A) Omphalocele


23. What is the most common congenital abdominal wall defect?
A) Omphalocele
B) Gastroschisis
C) Umbilical hernia
D) Diaphragmatic hernia

Answer: C) Umbilical hernia


24. What is the key feature of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in neonates?
A) Fever and vomiting
B) Abdominal distention and bloody stools
C) Jaundice and lethargy
D) Diarrhea and dehydration

Answer: B) Abdominal distention and bloody stools


25. What is the primary treatment approach for a child with intussusception?
A) Surgical resection
B) Contrast enema reduction
C) Antibiotic therapy
D) Observation

Answer: B) Contrast enema reduction


26. What is the most common congenital anomaly associated with Down syndrome?
A) Congenital heart defects
B) Esophageal atresia
C) Neural tube defects
D) Renal agenesis

Answer: A) Congenital heart defects


27. What is the surgical treatment for a child with a congenital hernia that has incarcerated or strangulated?
A) Elective hernia repair
B) Immediate hernia reduction and repair
C) Observation and follow-up
D) Antibiotic therapy

Answer: B) Immediate hernia reduction and repair


28. What is the typical surgical management for a child with a testicular torsion?
A) Manual detorsion and fixation
B) Open surgical exploration and fixation
C) Hormonal therapy
D) Observation

Answer: B) Open surgical exploration and fixation


29. What is the primary goal of surgical treatment for a child with congenital pyloric stenosis?
A) To relieve gastric outlet obstruction
B) To correct electrolyte imbalances
C) To manage dehydration
D) To provide nutritional support

Answer: A) To relieve gastric outlet obstruction


30. What is the most common cause of acute scrotum in children?
A) Testicular torsion
B) Epididymitis
C) Hernia
D) Trauma

Answer: A) Testicular torsion


31. What is the most common method of managing biliary atresia in infants?
A) Liver transplantation
B) Kasai procedure (hepatoportoenterostomy)
C) Medication therapy
D) Nutritional support

Answer: B) Kasai procedure (hepatoportoenterostomy)


32. What is the most common indication for a pediatric tracheostomy?
A) Acute respiratory distress
B) Chronic respiratory failure
C) Obstructive sleep apnea
D) Congenital airway anomalies

Answer: B) Chronic respiratory failure