1. Occupational biomechanics primarily studies:
(A) Human motion in daily work tasks
(B) Food digestion
(C) Genetic inheritance
(D) Artificial intelligence
2. The main goal of occupational biomechanics is:
(A) Reducing workplace injuries and improving efficiency
(B) Increasing entertainment value
(C) Enhancing sports only
(D) Designing medical drugs
3. Awkward postures at work increase the risk of:
(A) Musculoskeletal disorders
(B) Eye strain
(C) Hearing loss
(D) Dental caries
4. Which lifting technique reduces lumbar spine stress?
(A) Squat lift
(B) Stoop lift
(C) Twist lift
(D) Overhead lift
5. The NIOSH lifting equation is used for:
(A) Determining safe lifting limits
(B) Measuring lung capacity
(C) Calculating heart rate
(D) Assessing bone density
6. The compressive force limit at L5/S1 (NIOSH) is approximately:
(A) 3400 N
(B) 500 N
(C) 9000 N
(D) 120 N
7. Repetition in occupational tasks can lead to:
(A) Cumulative trauma disorders
(B) Bone fractures
(C) Immediate paralysis
(D) Lung fibrosis
8. Ergonomic workplace design aims to:
(A) Fit the job to the worker
(B) Fit the worker to the job
(C) Increase production at any cost
(D) Eliminate rest breaks
9. Which body region is most prone to injury during manual lifting?
(A) Lumbar spine
(B) Wrist
(C) Neck
(D) Elbow
10. Static muscle work is associated with:
(A) Fatigue and poor blood flow
(B) Improved circulation
(C) Enhanced endurance
(D) Reduced injury risk
11. The concept of “center of gravity” is important in:
(A) Safe lifting and carrying
(B) Eye protection
(C) Ear protection
(D) Skin health
12. Occupational biomechanics considers:
(A) Forces, postures, and movements at work
(B) Genetic coding
(C) Dietary supplements
(D) Social behavior only
13. The main risk factor for low back pain in workers is:
(A) Heavy manual material handling
(B) Listening to loud music
(C) High temperature
(D) Air quality
14. Pushing or pulling loads is generally safer than:
(A) Lifting loads vertically
(B) Sitting
(C) Typing
(D) Walking
15. Which posture places the least stress on the lumbar discs?
(A) Standing upright
(B) Forward flexed
(C) Twisted
(D) Sitting slouched
16. Excessive wrist deviation during work can cause:
(A) Carpal tunnel syndrome
(B) Neck sprain
(C) Ankle sprain
(D) Hip dislocation
17. Cumulative loading refers to:
(A) Total mechanical stress over time
(B) Only one-time lifting
(C) Sudden trauma
(D) No effect on the body
18. An ergonomic chair should provide:
(A) Lumbar support
(B) Rigid seat only
(C) No backrest
(D) Forward slope only
19. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are often caused by:
(A) Repetition, force, awkward posture
(B) Balanced workload
(C) Proper warm-up
(D) Ergonomic design
20. In biomechanical models, the human body is often treated as:
(A) A system of levers
(B) A fluid
(C) A solid cube
(D) A straight rod
21. The term “work envelope” refers to:
(A) The reachable space of a worker’s hands
(B) Worker’s salary package
(C) Packaging of goods
(D) Lighting environment
22. The main advantage of mechanical aids in lifting is:
(A) Reducing biomechanical load on the body
(B) Increasing muscle fatigue
(C) Decreasing efficiency
(D) Wasting time
23. A higher frequency of lifting reduces:
(A) Rest time for muscles
(B) Energy consumption
(C) Work productivity
(D) Blood circulation
24. Manual handling guidelines recommend:
(A) Keeping loads close to the body
(B) Holding loads away from the body
(C) Twisting while lifting
(D) Jerking movements
25. A stoop lift increases the:
(A) Moment arm on the spine
(B) Safety of lifting
(C) Stability of the body
(D) Efficiency of muscles
26. The term “overexertion injury” usually refers to:
(A) Excessive physical workload
(B) Emotional stress
(C) Skin irritation
(D) Ear damage
27. Occupational biomechanics research methods include:
(A) Force measurements, motion analysis, modeling
(B) Genetic sequencing
(C) DNA fingerprinting
(D) Weather forecasting
28. Awkward neck postures at work may lead to:
(A) Cervical strain
(B) Leg cramps
(C) Ankle injury
(D) Wrist fracture
29. The “moment arm” is defined as:
(A) Perpendicular distance between force line and axis of rotation
(B) Vertical body height
(C) Muscle length only
(D) Arm span
30. Rest breaks during repetitive work help:
(A) Reduce muscle fatigue
(B) Increase stress
(C) Increase force output instantly
(D) Decrease circulation
31. Whole-body vibration in occupational settings can lead to:
(A) Low back pain
(B) Caries
(C) Hearing loss
(D) Eye irritation
32. The risk of injury increases with:
(A) Load weight and lifting frequency
(B) Proper posture
(C) Ergonomic workstation
(D) Rest periods
33. A primary biomechanical principle of safe lifting is:
(A) Keep spine in neutral position
(B) Bend and twist simultaneously
(C) Lift with a jerking motion
(D) Hold load away from the body
34. The recommended maximum angle for back twisting while lifting is:
(A) 0° (avoid twisting)
(B) 45°
(C) 90°
(D) 180°
35. The energy cost of work is influenced by:
(A) Force, frequency, and posture
(B) Diet only
(C) Social environment
(D) Emotional stress only
36. Manual material handling tasks should be designed to:
(A) Minimize spinal loading
(B) Increase spinal compression
(C) Encourage twisting
(D) Increase reach distance
37. Occupational overuse syndrome refers to:
(A) Repetitive strain injuries
(B) Sudden accidents
(C) Inhalation of dust
(D) Noise-induced hearing loss
38. Which lifting posture is safest?
(A) Knees bent, back straight
(B) Knees locked, back bent
(C) Twisting with weight
(D) Jerking the load up
39. The push-pull guidelines recommend:
(A) Using body weight to assist force
(B) Twisting with arms
(C) Pulling with one hand
(D) Jerking movements
40. The “three spine curves” (cervical, thoracic, lumbar) should be:
(A) Maintained in neutral alignment during lifting
(B) Over-flexed during lifting
(C) Flattened completely
(D) Ignored during lifting
41. Excessive force at work can cause:
(A) Acute injuries or chronic disorders
(B) Improved strength
(C) No effect on body
(D) Faster recovery
42. Occupational biomechanics overlaps most with:
(A) Ergonomics
(B) Astronomy
(C) Pharmacology
(D) Genetics
43. Which factor reduces risk of injury during lifting?
(A) Team lifting heavy objects
(B) Lifting solo without breaks
(C) Twisting quickly
(D) Carrying away from body
44. A good workstation design should:
(A) Minimize awkward reaches and forces
(B) Force prolonged static postures
(C) Increase bending and twisting
(D) Ignore worker variability
45. A “biomechanical model” in occupational health is used to:
(A) Estimate forces on body tissues
(B) Predict heart rate
(C) Measure blood sugar
(D) Count calories
46. Fatigue failure of tissues occurs when:
(A) Repeated submaximal loads exceed recovery capacity
(B) One heavy load is lifted
(C) Tissues are never loaded
(D) Worker is at rest
47. Proper footwear in occupational tasks:
(A) Enhances balance and reduces fatigue
(B) Has no biomechanical effect
(C) Only improves fashion
(D) Increases injury risk
48. Hand-arm vibration syndrome is caused by:
(A) Prolonged use of vibrating tools
(B) Sitting too long
(C) Poor footwear
(D) Heavy backpacks
49. The biomechanical advantage of using carts is:
(A) Reducing lifting and carrying loads
(B) Increasing spinal stress
(C) Replacing walking
(D) Eliminating postural awareness
50. The ultimate purpose of occupational biomechanics is:
(A) Injury prevention and productivity improvement
(B) Increasing body weight
(C) Eliminating work
(D) Entertainment