Naphthalene [Chemical formula, Physical, Chemical Properties and Reactions]

By: Prof. Dr. Fazal Rehman Shamil | Last updated: February 3, 2024

The chemical formula of naphthalene is C10H8.

Physical Properties of Naphthalene

Properties Details
AppearanceColorless to white solid crystals
Boiling Point218.0°C
Chemical FormulaC₁₀H₈
Density1.145 g/cm³
FlammabilityHighly flammable; forms flammable vapor-air mixtures
Melting Point80.2°C
Molecular Weight128.17 g/mol
OdorStrong, characteristic mothball-like odor
Refractive Index1.583 at 20°C
SolubilityInsoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents
Vapor Pressure0.001 mmHg at 25°C

Chemical Properties of Naphthalene

Properties Details
AromaticityExhibits aromatic properties due to a benzene ring
CombustibilityNaphthalene burns readily, producing sooty flames
HalogenationUndergoes halogenation reactions to form halogen derivatives
OxidationReacts with strong oxidizing agents
PhotodegradationDecomposes upon exposure to sunlight and UV radiation
PolymerizationCan undergo polymerization to form larger molecules
Reactivity with AcidsForms salts with acids, such as naphthalene sulfonic acid
ReductionCan be reduced to tetralin and other derivatives
SublimationExhibits sublimation, transitioning from solid to vapor
ToxicityCan be toxic if ingested or inhaled in high concentrations

Reactions of naphthalen with Alkali Metal

Alkali Metal Chemical Equation
Lithium (Li) 2Li + C10H8  react and convert into  Li2C10H8
Sodium (Na) 2Na + C10H8  react and convert into  Na2 C10H8
Potassium (K) 2K + C10H8  react and convert into  K2 C10H8
Rubidium (Rb) 2Rb + C10H8  react and convert into  Rb2 C10H8
Cesium (Cs) 2Cs + C10H8  react and convert into  Cs2 C10H8

Reactions of naphthalen with Alkaline Earth Metal

Alkaline Earth Metal Chemical Equation
Beryllium (Be) 2Be + C10H8  react and convert into  Be2 C10H8
Magnesium (Mg) 2Mg + C10H8  react and convert into  Mg2 C10H8
Calcium (Ca) 2Ca + C10H8  react and convert into  Ca2 C10H8
Strontium (Sr) 2Sr + C10H8  react and convert into  Sr2 C10H8
Barium (Ba) 2Ba + C10H8  react and convert into  Ba2 C10H8
Radium (Ra) 2Ra + C10H8  react and convert into  Ra2 C10H8

Reactions of naphthalen with Transition Metal

Transition Metal Chemical Equation
Iron (Fe) Fe + C10H8  react and convert into  Fe(C10H8)
Cobalt (Co) Co + C10H8  react and convert into  Co(C10H8)
Nickel (Ni) Ni + C10H8  react and convert into  Ni(C10H8)
Copper (Cu) Cu + C10H8  react and convert into  Cu(C10H8)
Silver (Ag) 2Ag + C10H8  react and convert into  2Ag(C10H8)

Reactions of naphthalen with Non-Metal

Non-Metal Chemical Equation
Halogens (Cl, Br, I) C10H8+ X2   react and convert into  C10H8X2 (where X = Cl, Br, or I)
Sulfur (S) C10H8+ S   react and convert into  C10H8S
Oxygen (O) C10H8+ 12O2   react and convert into  10CO2 + 4H2O
Nitrogen (N) C10H8+ HNO3   react and convert into  C10H7NO2 + H2O

Reactions of naphthalen with Metalloid

Metalloid Chemical Equation
Boron (B) C10H8 + BF3   react and convert into  C10H7BF3 + HF

 

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