1. The length–tension relationship in muscle explains:
(A) How muscle force depends on muscle length
(B) How velocity affects force
(C) How energy is stored in tendons
(D) How joints stabilize during motion
2. Maximum active force is generated when:
(A) Muscle is fully shortened
(B) Muscle is at optimal length
(C) Muscle is overstretched
(D) Muscle is inactive
3. Passive tension in a muscle arises from:
(A) Actin–myosin cross-bridges
(B) Connective tissue stretch
(C) ATP hydrolysis
(D) Nerve stimulation
4. Active tension is due to:
(A) Elastic recoil
(B) Actin–myosin interaction
(C) External load
(D) Joint position
5. In the length–tension curve, passive tension increases when:
(A) Muscle is shortened
(B) Muscle is stretched beyond resting length
(C) Muscle is at optimal length
(D) No load is applied
6. Total muscle tension =
(A) Active tension only
(B) Passive tension only
(C) Active + Passive tension
(D) Cross-sectional area × Mass
7. The force–velocity relationship shows that:
(A) Force increases as contraction speed increases
(B) Force decreases as contraction speed increases
(C) Force is constant at all velocities
(D) Force depends only on muscle length
8. At zero velocity, muscle action is:
(A) Isotonic concentric
(B) Isotonic eccentric
(C) Isometric
(D) Plyometric
9. Eccentric contractions can produce:
(A) Less force than concentric
(B) More force than concentric
(C) Equal force as concentric
(D) Zero force
10. The optimal sarcomere length for maximum tension is about:
(A) 1.0 μm
(B) 2.0–2.2 μm
(C) 3.5 μm
(D) 5.0 μm
11. The descending limb of the length–tension curve represents:
(A) Overlap of actin–myosin is too great
(B) Sarcomeres are overstretched
(C) Passive tension only
(D) Muscle fatigue
12. In concentric contraction, as velocity increases:
(A) Force decreases
(B) Force increases
(C) Force remains constant
(D) Work decreases to zero
13. In eccentric contraction, as velocity increases:
(A) Force decreases
(B) Force increases
(C) Force remains constant
(D) No change occurs
14. The plateau of the length–tension curve corresponds to:
(A) Optimal cross-bridge overlap
(B) No overlap
(C) Passive tension only
(D) Zero tension
15. Muscle strength depends on:
(A) Length
(B) Velocity
(C) Cross-sectional area
(D) All of the above
16. Which muscle contraction is most energy-efficient?
(A) Concentric
(B) Eccentric
(C) Isometric
(D) Plyometric
17. In the force–velocity curve, maximal force is produced during:
(A) High-speed concentric contraction
(B) Isometric contraction
(C) Slow eccentric contraction
(D) Fast eccentric contraction
18. Muscle force is directly proportional to:
(A) Fiber length
(B) Cross-sectional area
(C) Fatigue level
(D) Joint angle only
19. Shortened muscle length reduces tension because:
(A) Too much overlap of actin and myosin
(B) No overlap at all
(C) Passive elements resist
(D) Muscle fatigue occurs
20. Stretching a muscle beyond optimal length reduces tension because:
(A) Actin and myosin overlap decreases
(B) Cross-bridge formation increases
(C) Elastic elements shorten
(D) ATP stores increase
21. The steepness of the force–velocity curve depends on:
(A) Muscle fiber type
(B) Muscle temperature
(C) Fatigue
(D) All of the above
22. Fast-twitch fibers generate:
(A) High force and velocity
(B) Low force, high endurance
(C) Slow contractions only
(D) Passive tension only
23. Slow-twitch fibers are better for:
(A) Explosive force
(B) Endurance and posture
(C) High-speed contractions
(D) Eccentric overload
24. Muscle power is maximum at:
(A) Very high velocity
(B) Very low velocity
(C) About 1/3 of maximal velocity
(D) Zero velocity
25. Which contributes to passive tension?
(A) Actin
(B) Myosin
(C) Titin and connective tissue
(D) ATP only
26. Force production is highest in:
(A) Concentric contraction
(B) Isometric contraction
(C) Eccentric contraction
(D) None of the above
27. The length–tension curve is shifted by:
(A) Fatigue
(B) Injury
(C) Training
(D) All of the above
28. The velocity of shortening is greatest in:
(A) Low-load concentric contractions
(B) High-load concentric contractions
(C) Isometric contractions
(D) Eccentric contractions
29. The slope of the force–velocity curve is flatter for:
(A) Fast-twitch fibers
(B) Slow-twitch fibers
(C) Both equally
(D) Depends on training
30. The maximum isometric force is greater in:
(A) Fast-twitch fibers
(B) Slow-twitch fibers
(C) Equal in both
(D) Independent of fiber type
31. Passive tension becomes significant at:
(A) Optimal length
(B) Shortened length
(C) Extended length beyond resting
(D) Isometric length only
32. Elastic components of muscle include:
(A) Actin and myosin
(B) Titin and tendons
(C) Mitochondria
(D) Sarcoplasmic reticulum
33. Force–velocity relationship is absent in:
(A) Concentric contraction
(B) Eccentric contraction
(C) Isometric contraction
(D) None of the above
34. The length–tension curve shows:
(A) How velocity influences muscle force
(B) How length influences muscle force
(C) How fatigue influences performance
(D) How tendons store energy
35. Isometric contractions produce:
(A) Work
(B) Power
(C) Force without displacement
(D) No force
36. Muscles generate maximum power when:
(A) Force is maximum
(B) Velocity is maximum
(C) Balance of moderate force and velocity
(D) Work is zero
37. Muscle fatigue decreases:
(A) Active tension
(B) Passive tension
(C) Elastic tension
(D) Bone stability
38. Training shifts the force–velocity curve by:
(A) Increasing strength and velocity
(B) Decreasing both force and velocity
(C) Eliminating passive tension
(D) Removing length–tension relationship
39. Muscles act stronger in eccentric phase because:
(A) Cross-bridges detach faster
(B) Cross-bridges resist lengthening
(C) Sarcomeres shorten more
(D) ATP use is greater
40. The plateau of the length–tension curve represents:
(A) Maximal cross-bridge formation
(B) Minimal tension
(C) Passive stretch
(D) Loss of overlap
41. At very short sarcomere lengths, force is reduced due to:
(A) Actin overlap interfering
(B) Lack of myosin heads
(C) Passive tension increase
(D) ATP depletion
42. At very long sarcomere lengths, force is reduced because:
(A) Too much overlap
(B) No overlap between actin and myosin
(C) Passive tension is zero
(D) ATP hydrolysis increases
43. Force production in fast movements is limited because:
(A) Cross-bridges don’t form fast enough
(B) Sarcomeres are too short
(C) Passive tension is maximum
(D) Energy is zero
44. Which fiber type has higher velocity of shortening?
(A) Slow-twitch
(B) Fast-twitch
(C) Both equal
(D) None
45. Stretch-shortening cycle uses:
(A) Passive tension only
(B) Elastic energy and reflexes
(C) Concentric only
(D) Isometric contractions
46. Which training improves force–velocity relationship?
(A) Resistance training
(B) Endurance training
(C) Isometric stretching
(D) Static balance drills
47. Eccentric muscle actions are important for:
(A) Acceleration
(B) Deceleration and shock absorption
(C) Maintaining posture
(D) Static holds only
48. Which contraction produces the most muscle soreness?
(A) Concentric
(B) Isometric
(C) Eccentric
(D) Plyometric
49. Force is highest when muscle length is:
(A) Shortened
(B) Optimal
(C) Overstretched
(D) Passive only
50. The force–velocity relationship helps explain:
(A) Why lifting heavy loads is slow
(B) Why light loads can be lifted quickly
(C) Why eccentric contractions generate high force
(D) All of the above