1. Which type of force is generated by muscles?
(A) Compressive
(B) Tensile
(C) Shear
(D) Frictional
2. Muscle force is produced due to:
(A) Protein synthesis
(B) ATP breakdown and cross-bridge cycling
(C) Blood flow increase
(D) Heat generation
3. The functional unit of muscle contraction is:
(A) Myofibril
(B) Sarcomere
(C) Actin
(D) Myosin
4. Which protein directly binds to actin during contraction?
(A) Myosin
(B) Tropomyosin
(C) Troponin
(D) Collagen
5. Which ion is essential for muscle contraction?
(A) Sodium
(B) Potassium
(C) Calcium
(D) Magnesium
6. Muscle contraction begins when calcium binds to:
(A) Myosin
(B) Actin
(C) Troponin
(D) Tropomyosin
7. Which neurotransmitter stimulates skeletal muscle contraction?
(A) Dopamine
(B) Acetylcholine
(C) Serotonin
(D) Adrenaline
8. Isometric contraction occurs when:
(A) Muscle shortens
(B) Muscle lengthens
(C) Muscle length remains constant
(D) Muscle relaxes completely
9. Isotonic contraction occurs when:
(A) Muscle produces no force
(B) Muscle changes length under constant tension
(C) Muscle stays rigid
(D) Force production ceases
10. Concentric contraction means:
(A) Muscle shortens while producing force
(B) Muscle lengthens under tension
(C) Muscle maintains length
(D) No contraction occurs
11. Eccentric contraction means:
(A) Muscle shortens
(B) Muscle lengthens while resisting force
(C) Muscle remains static
(D) Muscle relaxes fully
12. Which type of contraction produces the most force?
(A) Isometric
(B) Concentric
(C) Eccentric
(D) None
13. Muscle fatigue occurs when:
(A) Oxygen increases
(B) ATP supply decreases
(C) Calcium release is high
(D) Blood flow increases
14. Fast-twitch muscle fibers are adapted for:
(A) Endurance
(B) Power and speed
(C) Balance
(D) Flexibility
15. Slow-twitch muscle fibers are adapted for:
(A) Quick bursts of energy
(B) Endurance and continuous activity
(C) Explosive jumping
(D) Reflexes
16. Which muscle fiber type resists fatigue most?
(A) Type I
(B) Type IIa
(C) Type IIb
(D) Type III
17. Muscle force depends on:
(A) Cross-sectional area
(B) Fiber type
(C) Neural activation
(D) All of the above
18. Maximum muscle force is produced at:
(A) Resting length
(B) Very short length
(C) Very long length
(D) No specific length
19. The force-velocity relationship shows that:
(A) Force increases with speed
(B) Force decreases as contraction velocity increases
(C) Velocity decreases with low force
(D) Force is independent of velocity
20. In eccentric contractions, velocity and force relationship is:
(A) Directly proportional
(B) Inversely proportional
(C) Independent
(D) Random
21. Muscle hypertrophy results from:
(A) Decreased protein synthesis
(B) Increased protein synthesis
(C) Reduced neural drive
(D) Lower blood flow
22. Muscle atrophy occurs due to:
(A) Overuse
(B) Disuse or denervation
(C) Training
(D) Hypertrophy
23. Which type of contraction stabilizes joints?
(A) Eccentric
(B) Isometric
(C) Concentric
(D) Isotonic
24. Which contraction is important in deceleration during sports?
(A) Concentric
(B) Eccentric
(C) Isometric
(D) Relaxation
25. Which factor increases muscle force output?
(A) Increased motor unit recruitment
(B) Faster firing rate
(C) Larger muscle size
(D) All of the above
26. Motor unit recruitment follows:
(A) Small-to-large principle
(B) Large-to-small principle
(C) Random principle
(D) No order
27. Muscle contraction requires energy in the form of:
(A) NADH
(B) ATP
(C) Glucose directly
(D) Lactic acid
28. In tetanus contraction, muscle is:
(A) Partially contracted
(B) Rapidly stimulated with sustained contraction
(C) Relaxed quickly
(D) Not contracting at all
29. Which factor limits maximal muscle contraction?
(A) Oxygen supply
(B) ATP resynthesis
(C) Neural drive
(D) All of the above
30. Plyometric exercises rely heavily on:
(A) Isometric contractions
(B) Eccentric contractions
(C) Static stretching
(D) Relaxation phases
31. Which contraction type consumes the least energy?
(A) Concentric
(B) Isometric
(C) Eccentric
(D) Isotonic
32. Muscle stiffness is mainly caused by:
(A) Calcium release
(B) Lactic acid buildup
(C) ATP depletion and cross-bridge locking
(D) Low blood flow
33. During weightlifting upward phase, the biceps undergo:
(A) Concentric contraction
(B) Eccentric contraction
(C) Isometric contraction
(D) No contraction
34. During lowering of weight in biceps curl, muscles undergo:
(A) Concentric contraction
(B) Eccentric contraction
(C) Isometric contraction
(D) Relaxation
35. Stabilizing the body in a plank position involves:
(A) Isometric contraction
(B) Eccentric contraction
(C) Concentric contraction
(D) No contraction
36. Which contraction type is most injury-prone?
(A) Isometric
(B) Concentric
(C) Eccentric
(D) Isotonic
37. Muscle power depends on:
(A) Force × Velocity
(B) Force ÷ Distance
(C) Force × Mass
(D) Force ÷ Time
38. Cross-bridges form between:
(A) Troponin and tropomyosin
(B) Actin and myosin
(C) Myosin and titin
(D) Actin and collagen
39. The “all-or-none” principle applies to:
(A) Muscle fiber
(B) Motor unit
(C) Whole muscle
(D) Myofibril
40. Which contraction produces joint movement?
(A) Concentric
(B) Eccentric
(C) Isotonic
(D) All of the above
41. Which contraction is used when holding a heavy box without moving?
(A) Isotonic
(B) Isometric
(C) Concentric
(D) Eccentric
42. Which contraction is essential for controlled landing after a jump?
(A) Concentric
(B) Eccentric
(C) Isometric
(D) Isotonic
43. Which factor determines muscle endurance?
(A) Fiber type
(B) Oxygen delivery
(C) Mitochondrial density
(D) All of the above
44. Muscle force is transmitted to bones via:
(A) Ligaments
(B) Tendons
(C) Cartilage
(D) Joints
45. Which type of contraction dominates in long-distance running?
(A) Isometric
(B) Concentric
(C) Eccentric
(D) Mixed isotonic
46. In a push-up upward phase, triceps undergo:
(A) Concentric contraction
(B) Eccentric contraction
(C) Isometric contraction
(D) Relaxation
47. In a push-up downward phase, triceps undergo:
(A) Concentric contraction
(B) Eccentric contraction
(C) Isometric contraction
(D) Relaxation
48. Muscle contraction efficiency depends on:
(A) Neural coordination
(B) Fiber arrangement
(C) Energy supply
(D) All of the above
49. Muscles produce movement by:
(A) Pushing bones
(B) Pulling bones
(C) Compressing bones
(D) Rotating bones passively
50. Which type of contraction allows holding weight steady without motion?
(A) Isometric
(B) Concentric
(C) Eccentric
(D) Isotonic