1. What is a microcontroller?
(A) A single-chip computer containing CPU, memory, and I/O ports
(B) A standalone CPU without memory
(C) A type of memory chip
(D) A digital signal processor
2. Which of the following is an example of an 8-bit microcontroller?
(A) Intel 8051
(B) ARM Cortex-A53
(C) Motorola 68000
(D) Intel i7
3. Microcontrollers are mostly used in:
(A) Embedded systems
(B) Desktop computers
(C) Servers
(D) Data centers
4. The microcontroller executes instructions stored in:
(A) Program memory (ROM/Flash)
(B) Data memory (RAM)
(C) Cache memory
(D) Hard disk
5. The data memory in a microcontroller is typically:
(A) RAM
(B) ROM
(C) Flash memory
(D) EPROM
6. Which bus connects the CPU with memory and peripherals?
(A) System bus
(B) Power bus
(C) Data cable
(D) Network line
7. The function of the ALU in a microcontroller is to:
(A) Perform arithmetic and logic operations
(B) Control peripheral devices
(C) Store data
(D) Generate interrupts
8. The control unit in a microcontroller:
(A) Directs the operation of the processor
(B) Stores program instructions
(C) Handles analog signals
(D) Generates clock pulses
9. The clock signal in a microcontroller is used to:
(A) Synchronize all internal operations
(B) Store program data
(C) Control I/O ports
(D) Manage power supply
10. The I/O ports in a microcontroller are used for:
(A) Communication with external devices
(B) Storing instructions
(C) Power regulation
(D) Clock generation
11. A timer in a microcontroller is used for:
(A) Measuring time intervals or generating delays
(B) Data storage
(C) Controlling program flow
(D) Power supply management
12. Which peripheral converts analog signals into digital values?
(A) ADC
(B) DAC
(C) UART
(D) Timer
13. Which peripheral converts digital signals into analog form?
(A) DAC
(B) ADC
(C) PWM
(D) Comparator
14. The UART peripheral is used for:
(A) Serial communication
(B) Parallel communication
(C) Analog signal generation
(D) Clock control
15. SPI stands for:
(A) Serial Peripheral Interface
(B) System Programming Input
(C) Signal Port Interchange
(D) Synchronous Program Interface
16. I²C protocol is used for:
(A) Two-wire serial communication between devices
(B) High-speed parallel communication
(C) Power regulation
(D) Timer control
17. The watchdog timer in a microcontroller is used to:
(A) Reset the system if software hangs
(B) Measure temperature
(C) Generate clock pulses
(D) Increase speed
18. GPIO stands for:
(A) General Purpose Input/Output
(B) Global Peripheral Input/Output
(C) General Port Internal Operation
(D) Gate Peripheral Interface Option
19. PWM stands for:
(A) Pulse Width Modulation
(B) Power Wave Modulation
(C) Peripheral Width Mode
(D) Port Wave Monitor
20. PWM signals are mainly used for:
(A) Motor speed control and signal generation
(B) Memory access
(C) Data storage
(D) Timing clock generation
21. The interrupt system in a microcontroller allows:
(A) Immediate response to external or internal events
(B) Continuous program looping
(C) System shutdown
(D) Permanent halt
22. Which microcontroller family is widely used in automotive and industrial applications?
(A) PIC
(B) Pentium
(C) Xeon
(D) Ryzen
23. ARM Cortex-M series microcontrollers are known for:
(A) Low power and high performance
(B) High-end computing only
(C) Analog control
(D) High-cost desktop use
24. The bootloader in a microcontroller is used to:
(A) Load the main program during startup
(B) Control voltage levels
(C) Handle serial communication
(D) Reset peripherals
25. The main function of DMA (Direct Memory Access) is to:
(A) Transfer data without CPU intervention
(B) Increase processor clock speed
(C) Handle interrupt priorities
(D) Manage analog signals
26. The stack pointer in a microcontroller is used for:
(A) Keeping track of return addresses and local data
(B) Timing control
(C) Storing constant values
(D) Clock division
27. The program counter (PC) in a microcontroller holds:
(A) Address of the next instruction to execute
(B) Current data value
(C) Interrupt vector address only
(D) Clock frequency
28. Flash memory in microcontrollers is used for:
(A) Non-volatile program storage
(B) Temporary data storage
(C) Cache operations
(D) Register configuration
29. EEPROM in microcontrollers allows:
(A) Electrically erasable and reprogrammable storage
(B) Only read operations
(C) Volatile data storage
(D) Faster arithmetic operations
30. The key difference between microprocessor and microcontroller is:
(A) Microcontroller has on-chip memory and peripherals
(B) Microprocessor has built-in memory
(C) Microcontroller requires external I/O
(D) Microprocessor consumes less power