1. In public health, what is the role of antimicrobial stewardship programs?
(A) To promote the use of antibiotics for all infections
(B) To administer vaccines
(C) To develop new antibiotics
(D) To monitor and optimize antibiotic use to reduce resistance
2. What is the primary method for controlling the spread of vector-borne diseases such as malaria in public health?
(A) Antibiotic treatment
(B) Vaccination
(C) Isolation of infected individuals
(D) Vector control programs (e.g., insecticide-treated nets)
3. What is the primary mode of transmission for respiratory infections like tuberculosis and COVID-19?
(A) Bloodborne pathogens
(B) Fecal-oral route
(C) Airborne droplets
(D) Vector-borne transmission
4. What is the purpose of surveillance systems in public health microbiology?
(A) To diagnose individual patients
(B) To monitor trends in disease incidence and prevalence
(C) To perform laboratory research
(D) To develop new antibiotics
5. What type of infectious disease is characterized by its continuous presence within a specific geographic area or population?
(A) Epidemic
(B) Endemic
(C) Pandemic
(D) Sporadic
6. Which diagnostic test is commonly used in public health to detect and track viral infections such as influenza?
(A) Microscopy
(B) ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay)
(C) Gram staining
(D) PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
7. Which microorganism is commonly associated with the occurrence of hospital-acquired infections in patients with compromised immune systems?
(A) Clostridium difficile
(B) Candida species
(C) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(D) Streptococcus pneumoniae
8. Which of the following is a key responsibility of a public health microbiologist?
(A) Monitoring and controlling outbreaks of infectious diseases
(B) Conducting research on new antibiotics
(C) Performing surgical procedures
(D) Providing patient care in a hospital setting
9. Which of the following practices is crucial for the prevention of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in public health settings?
(A) Limiting hospital admissions
(B) Avoiding patient contact
(C) Routine use of broad-spectrum antibiotics
(D) Regular hand hygiene and disinfection
10. Which organism is a common cause of foodborne illness and is often associated with undercooked poultry?
(A) Salmonella
(B) Escherichia coli O157
(C) Listeria monocytogenes
(D) Clostridium botulinum
11. Which organism is commonly monitored in water supplies to ensure the safety of drinking water?
(A) Staphylococcus aureus
(B) Escherichia coli
(C) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(D) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
12. Which public health measure is effective in reducing the transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?
(A) Universal vaccination
(B) Regular hand washing
(C) Safe sex practices and condom use
(D) Environmental sanitation
13. Which public health practice is essential for preventing the spread of infectious diseases through contaminated food and water?
(A) Sanitation and hygiene
(B) Vaccination
(C) Antibiotic prophylaxis
(D) Surgical sterilization
14. Which type of disease is characterized by its ability to spread quickly across multiple countries or continents?
(A) Endemic disease
(B) Pandemic disease
(C) Epidemic disease
(D) Sporadic disease
15. Which vaccine is crucial for preventing a disease that causes severe respiratory illness and is a major focus of public health vaccination programs?
(A) MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella) vaccine
(B) Influenza vaccine
(C) HPV (Human Papillomavirus) vaccine
(D) Hepatitis B vaccine