What is the primary purpose of Merge Sort?
A) To sort an array
B) To search for an element
C) To merge two arrays
D) To partition data
Answer: A) To sort an array
What is the worst-case time complexity of Merge Sort?
A) O(n)
B) O(n log n)
C) O(n^2)
D) O(log n)
Answer: B) O(n log n)
Which of the following best describes the Merge Sort algorithm?
A) It repeatedly swaps adjacent elements.
B) It recursively divides the array into halves and merges them.
C) It selects the smallest element and places it at the beginning.
D) It sorts the array in place without additional memory.
Answer: B) It recursively divides the array into halves and merges them.
What is the best-case time complexity of Merge Sort?
A) O(n)
B) O(n log n)
C) O(n^2)
D) O(log n)
Answer: B) O(n log n)
Which of the following is true about the stability of Merge Sort?
A) It is a stable sorting algorithm.
B) It is not a stable sorting algorithm.
C) It can only sort numerical data.
D) It requires additional memory for stability.
Answer: A) It is a stable sorting algorithm.
What is the space complexity of Merge Sort?
A) O(1)
B) O(n)
C) O(n log n)
D) O(n^2)
Answer: B) O(n)
Which characteristic makes Merge Sort suitable for large datasets?
A) It requires minimal memory.
B) It has a consistent O(n log n) time complexity.
C) It is a simple algorithm to implement.
D) It is adaptive for partially sorted data.
Answer: B) It has a consistent O(n log n) time complexity.
What is the main disadvantage of Merge Sort?
A) It is not stable.
B) It uses extra space for merging.
C) It cannot handle large datasets.
D) It is slower than other sorting algorithms.
Answer: B) It uses extra space for merging.
In Merge Sort, how is the array divided?
A) Into two equal parts
B) Into three equal parts
C) Into four equal parts
D) Into random sizes
Answer: A) Into two equal parts
What happens to the time complexity of Merge Sort for an already sorted array?
A) It improves to O(n).
B) It remains O(n log n).
C) It worsens to O(n^2).
D) It stays O(log n).
Answer: B) It remains O(n log n).
Which algorithm is based on a similar concept to Merge Sort?
A) Quick Sort
B) Heap Sort
C) Insertion Sort
D) None of the above
Answer: D) None of the above
What is the output of Merge Sort if applied to the array [7, 2, 1, 6, 8, 5, 3, 4]?
A) [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
B) [8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
C) [7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 8]
D) [6, 7, 1, 2, 5, 8, 3, 4]
Answer: A) [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
What is the role of the merge function in Merge Sort?
A) To divide the array
B) To sort the array
C) To combine two sorted arrays
D) To find the minimum element
Answer: C) To combine two sorted arrays
Which of the following is a key operation in Merge Sort?
A) Merging
B) Swapping
C) Selecting
D) Partitioning
Answer: A) Merging
In Merge Sort, what happens during the merge step?
A) The array is divided into two halves.
B) Two sorted arrays are combined into one sorted array.
C) The elements are randomly shuffled.
D) The smallest element is selected.
Answer: B) Two sorted arrays are combined into one sorted array.
What is the main characteristic of the Merge Sort algorithm?
A) It is not recursive.
B) It sorts elements in place.
C) It is based on the divide and conquer strategy.
D) It is an adaptive algorithm.
Answer: C) It is based on the divide and conquer strategy.
Which of the following arrays would require the most comparisons when sorted using Merge Sort?
A) Already sorted array
B) Reverse sorted array
C) Randomly ordered array
D) Array with many duplicate elements
Answer: B) Reverse sorted array
What is the time complexity of the merge function in Merge Sort?
A) O(1)
B) O(n)
C) O(n log n)
D) O(n^2)
Answer: B) O(n)
What would be the result of applying Merge Sort to an empty array?
A) An error will occur.
B) The empty array will remain unchanged.
C) The array will be filled with zeros.
D) The algorithm will enter an infinite loop.
Answer: B) The empty array will remain unchanged.
What type of sorting is Merge Sort classified as?
A) In-place sorting
B) External sorting
C) Comparison-based sorting
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
In Merge Sort, how are elements merged from the two halves?
A) They are merged randomly.
B) They are compared and added in order.
C) They are sorted in descending order.
D) They are swapped.
Answer: B) They are compared and added in order.
Which data structure is typically used to implement Merge Sort?
A) Array
B) Linked List
C) Tree
D) Graph
Answer: A) Array
What happens if the input array for Merge Sort contains only one element?
A) An error occurs.
B) The array remains unchanged.
C) The algorithm cannot sort it.
D) The element is removed.
Answer: B) The array remains unchanged.
How does Merge Sort handle large datasets?
A) It becomes inefficient.
B) It handles them well with O(n log n) complexity.
C) It requires more memory.
D) It is not suitable for large datasets.
Answer: B) It handles them well with O(n log n) complexity.
In Merge Sort, what is the result of merging two sorted subarrays?
A) A randomly sorted array
B) A partially sorted array
C) A fully sorted array
D) An unsorted array
Answer: C) A fully sorted array
How does Merge Sort compare to Quick Sort in terms of worst-case performance?
A) Merge Sort has worse performance.
B) Quick Sort has worse performance.
C) Both have the same performance.
D) It depends on the implementation.
Answer: A) Merge Sort has worse performance.
What is a disadvantage of Merge Sort compared to other sorting algorithms?
A) It is stable.
B) It requires additional memory.
C) It is efficient for small datasets.
D) It is adaptive.
Answer: B) It requires additional memory.
What will be the output of Merge Sort if applied to the array [1, 3, 2, 4]?
A) [1, 2, 3, 4]
B) [4, 3, 2, 1]
C) [1, 3, 2, 4]
D) [2, 1, 4, 3]
Answer: A) [1, 2, 3, 4]
What is the primary advantage of using Merge Sort?
A) It is simple to implement.
B) It can handle large datasets efficiently.
C) It requires less memory.
D) It works faster than all other algorithms.
Answer: B) It can handle large datasets efficiently.
How does Merge Sort perform with datasets that are nearly sorted?
A) It is less efficient.
B) It remains O(n log n).
C) It becomes adaptive.
D) It performs worse than Quick Sort.
Answer: B) It remains O(n log n).
What is the characteristic of the Merge Sort algorithm?
A) It cannot sort linked lists.
B) It is not recursive.
C) It requires a large amount of memory for sorting.
D) It is a divide and conquer algorithm.
Answer: D) It is a divide and conquer algorithm.
Which of the following is an application of Merge Sort?
A) Sorting linked lists
B) External sorting
C) Multi-way merging
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Basic Concepts
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