1. Which of the following is NOT a principle of medical ethics?
(A) Autonomy
(B) Beneficence
(C) Non-maleficence
(D) Profitability
2. The principle of autonomy in medical ethics means:
(A) Doing what benefits the patient
(B) Avoiding harm to patients
(C) Respecting the patient’s right to make decisions
(D) Following hospital policies only
3. The principle of beneficence requires a doctor to:
(A) Respect patient privacy
(B) Always avoid harm
(C) Act in the best interest of the patient
(D) Follow religious guidelines only
4. The principle of non-maleficence is often stated as:
(A) Do good
(B) Do no harm
(C) Respect privacy
(D) Seek justice
5. Justice in medical ethics refers to:
(A) Equal distribution of healthcare resources
(B) Respecting patient wishes
(C) Acting in best interest
(D) Avoiding harm
6. Informed consent requires that:
(A) The doctor decides without discussion
(B) Patients receive clear information about treatment risks and benefits
(C) Consent is implied in emergencies only
(D) Family members always decide
7. Which of the following is an example of breach of confidentiality?
(A) Sharing patient details with a consulting specialist
(B) Disclosing patient information without consent
(C) Documenting patient notes
(D) Discussing treatment options with the patient
8. Professionalism in medicine includes:
(A) Honesty, integrity, and respect
(B) Profit-seeking behavior
(C) Avoiding patient contact
(D) Memorizing drug lists
9. Which ethical principle supports truth-telling in medicine?
(A) Fidelity
(B) Veracity
(C) Justice
(D) Autonomy
10. Which principle is violated if a patient is forced into treatment?
(A) Autonomy
(B) Justice
(C) Beneficence
(D) Non-maleficence
11. The Hippocratic Oath primarily emphasizes:
(A) Confidentiality and non-maleficence
(B) Financial gain
(C) Political loyalty
(D) Scientific research only
12. Which of the following is considered unprofessional behavior?
(A) Maintaining confidentiality
(B) Arriving late repeatedly without justification
(C) Respecting patient dignity
(D) Following medical guidelines
13. The ethical principle of fidelity refers to:
(A) Keeping promises and commitments to patients
(B) Avoiding harm
(C) Distributing resources equally
(D) Respecting autonomy
14. When a patient refuses life-saving treatment, which principle must be respected?
(A) Justice
(B) Autonomy
(C) Beneficence
(D) Confidentiality
15. A physician discloses medical errors to a patient. This is an example of:
(A) Justice
(B) Veracity and professionalism
(C) Confidentiality
(D) Malpractice
16. Which ethical principle is most relevant in resource allocation during a pandemic?
(A) Non-maleficence
(B) Justice
(C) Autonomy
(D) Fidelity
17. What is considered the cornerstone of medical professionalism?
(A) Financial success
(B) Patient trust
(C) Memorizing anatomy
(D) Working without breaks
18. Which organization developed the Declaration of Geneva (modern Hippocratic Oath)?
(A) World Medical Association
(B) United Nations
(C) Red Cross
(D) WHO
19. What is the FIRST duty of a physician according to medical ethics?
(A) Serve humanity
(B) Serve government
(C) Increase hospital income
(D) Protect personal interests
20. A doctor accepts gifts from a pharmaceutical company and prescribes their drugs unnecessarily. This violates:
(A) Professional integrity
(B) Autonomy
(C) Beneficence
(D) Veracity
21. Ethical dilemmas occur when:
(A) There is a conflict between two ethical principles
(B) The doctor ignores ethics
(C) The patient fully agrees
(D) No decision is needed
22. Which principle requires balancing risks and benefits of treatment?
(A) Beneficence and non-maleficence
(B) Autonomy only
(C) Justice only
(D) Fidelity only
23. Which of the following is MOST essential in maintaining patient trust?
(A) Confidentiality
(B) Profit
(C) Competition
(D) Advertising
24. A physician refusing to treat a patient due to ethnicity violates:
(A) Justice
(B) Autonomy
(C) Beneficence
(D) Fidelity
25. Professional misconduct includes:
(A) Discrimination against patients
(B) Maintaining confidentiality
(C) Obtaining informed consent
(D) Practicing evidence-based medicine
26. The principle of double effect is MOST relevant in:
(A) End-of-life care and pain management
(B) Early diagnosis of infection
(C) Vaccination programs
(D) Health promotion
27. What is the role of ethics committees in hospitals?
(A) Guide healthcare professionals in ethical dilemmas
(B) Replace doctors’ decisions
(C) Handle financial billing
(D) Train patients
28. A physician lying about prognosis violates:
(A) Veracity
(B) Autonomy
(C) Justice
(D) Fidelity
29. Which of the following is an ethical obligation during research?
(A) Informed consent from participants
(B) Hiding results
(C) Forcing enrollment
(D) Ignoring risks
30. Which term describes prioritizing patient’s welfare above self-interest?
(A) Altruism
(B) Justice
(C) Non-maleficence
(D) Confidentiality
31. Which behavior demonstrates lack of professionalism?
(A) Honest communication
(B) Respectful collaboration
(C) Misrepresentation of qualifications
(D) Patient-centered care
32. If a doctor discloses HIV status of a patient without consent, it violates:
(A) Confidentiality
(B) Justice
(C) Fidelity
(D) Non-maleficence
33. Which of the following situations justifies breaching confidentiality?
(A) Patient requests secrecy
(B) Risk of harm to others
(C) Patient has a minor illness
(D) Doctor wants to share research
34. Which of the following reflects cultural competence in professionalism?
(A) Respecting cultural values in healthcare delivery
(B) Ignoring cultural differences
(C) Imposing personal beliefs
(D) Avoiding diverse patients
35. When a patient lacks decision-making capacity, doctors should:
(A) Seek surrogate decision-maker or advance directive
(B) Decide without consultation
(C) Ignore legal guardians
(D) Avoid treatment
36. Which concept supports the idea that physicians must continually learn and improve?
(A) Lifelong learning
(B) Non-maleficence
(C) Justice
(D) Autonomy
37. Which ethical issue arises in physician-assisted suicide?
(A) Conflict between autonomy and non-maleficence
(B) Conflict between justice and veracity
(C) Conflict between fidelity and beneficence
(D) Conflict between confidentiality and justice
38. Which of the following is an example of boundary violation?
(A) Engaging in romantic relationship with a patient
(B) Respectful communication
(C) Explaining side effects
(D) Following up treatment
39. Professional accountability means:
(A) Being responsible for one’s actions and decisions
(B) Avoiding transparency
(C) Shifting blame to colleagues
(D) Ignoring errors
40. Ethical principle MOST relevant in genetic testing is:
(A) Confidentiality and informed consent
(B) Justice only
(C) Beneficence only
(D) Veracity only
41. Which of the following is a hallmark of medical professionalism?
(A) Compassionate patient care
(B) Profit-driven motives
(C) Ignoring patients
(D) Rigid communication
42. What is the role of honesty in medical ethics?
(A) Strengthens trust and decision-making
(B) Is not important
(C) Replaces autonomy
(D) Removes patient choice
43. Which behavior demonstrates respect for patient dignity?
(A) Explaining procedures clearly
(B) Ignoring patient questions
(C) Making jokes about conditions
(D) Sharing data without consent
44. Which ethical principle is central to palliative care?
(A) Beneficence and non-maleficence
(B) Justice only
(C) Profit only
(D) Autonomy only
45. If a doctor falsifies medical records, this violates:
(A) Veracity and professionalism
(B) Autonomy only
(C) Justice only
(D) Non-maleficence only
46. What is the doctor’s duty when faced with uncertainty in diagnosis?
(A) Communicate honestly with the patient
(B) Hide information
(C) Avoid follow-up
(D) Ignore patient
47. Which of the following ensures fairness in organ transplantation?
(A) Justice
(B) Autonomy
(C) Non-maleficence
(D) Fidelity
48. Professional competence requires:
(A) Maintaining up-to-date medical knowledge and skills
(B) Avoiding continued education
(C) Relying only on intuition
(D) Ignoring new guidelines
49. Which ethical principle applies when withholding treatment that causes more harm than benefit?
(A) Non-maleficence
(B) Autonomy
(C) Justice
(D) Fidelity
50. Medical ethics primarily exists to:
(A) Guide doctors in making moral and professional decisions
(B) Increase profits in hospitals
(C) Reduce patient involvement
(D) Promote competition