1. The hip joint is classified as a:
(A) Hinge joint
(B) Ball-and-socket joint
(C) Pivot joint
(D) Condyloid joint
2. Knee flexion and extension occur in which plane?
(A) Frontal
(B) Sagittal
(C) Transverse
(D) Oblique
3. Which movement occurs at the subtalar joint?
(A) Flexion and extension
(B) Pronation and supination
(C) Abduction and adduction
(D) Rotation and circumduction
4. The ankle (talocrural) joint is classified as a:
(A) Hinge joint
(B) Pivot joint
(C) Ball-and-socket joint
(D) Saddle joint
5. Which muscle is the prime mover for hip extension?
(A) Iliopsoas
(B) Rectus femoris
(C) Gluteus maximus
(D) Sartorius
6. The menisci of the knee serve to:
(A) Increase congruency
(B) Absorb shock
(C) Improve stability
(D) All of the above
7. Which axis governs hip abduction and adduction?
(A) Vertical axis
(B) Anteroposterior axis
(C) Mediolateral axis
(D) Oblique axis
8. The Q-angle is formed by the quadriceps tendon and:
(A) Patellar tendon
(B) Hamstrings
(C) Iliotibial band
(D) Sartorius
9. Which ligament prevents anterior translation of the tibia?
(A) PCL
(B) ACL
(C) MCL
(D) LCL
10. The “screw-home mechanism” of the knee occurs during:
(A) Flexion
(B) Extension
(C) Rotation
(D) Abduction
11. Which muscle group stabilizes the pelvis during single-leg stance?
(A) Quadriceps
(B) Hamstrings
(C) Gluteus medius and minimus
(D) Adductors
12. The normal range of hip flexion is approximately:
(A) 90°
(B) 120°
(C) 150°
(D) 180°
13. Which plane governs ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion?
(A) Sagittal
(B) Frontal
(C) Transverse
(D) Oblique
14. The patella increases the mechanical advantage of:
(A) Hamstrings
(B) Quadriceps
(C) Gastrocnemius
(D) Gluteus maximus
15. Which ligament resists valgus stress at the knee?
(A) ACL
(B) PCL
(C) MCL
(D) LCL
16. Which muscle is the prime mover for knee flexion?
(A) Rectus femoris
(B) Vastus medialis
(C) Hamstrings
(D) Gastrocnemius
17. Hip internal and external rotation occur in which plane?
(A) Sagittal
(B) Transverse
(C) Frontal
(D) Oblique
18. The arch of the foot primarily functions to:
(A) Absorb shock
(B) Distribute weight
(C) Provide stability
(D) All of the above
19. Which muscle is the strongest plantarflexor of the ankle?
(A) Tibialis anterior
(B) Gastrocnemius
(C) Soleus
(D) Peroneus longus
20. The axis of motion for knee flexion/extension is:
(A) Vertical
(B) Mediolateral
(C) Anteroposterior
(D) Oblique
21. Which movement occurs at the hip during walking’s swing phase?
(A) Extension
(B) Flexion
(C) Abduction
(D) Rotation
22. The ligamentum teres of the hip primarily provides:
(A) Rotation stability
(B) Blood supply
(C) Shock absorption
(D) Flexion support
23. Excessive Q-angle is associated with:
(A) Genu valgum
(B) Genu varum
(C) Flat foot
(D) Club foot
24. Which muscle supports the medial longitudinal arch of the foot?
(A) Tibialis posterior
(B) Peroneus brevis
(C) Extensor digitorum
(D) Gastrocnemius
25. Hip abduction strength is crucial for preventing:
(A) Trendelenburg gait
(B) Steppage gait
(C) Antalgic gait
(D) Hemiplegic gait
26. The talocrural joint axis is oriented:
(A) Purely mediolateral
(B) Slightly oblique
(C) Vertical
(D) Anteroposterior
27. Which muscle initiates hip flexion from the supine position?
(A) Iliopsoas
(B) Rectus femoris
(C) Sartorius
(D) Tensor fascia latae
28. The posterior cruciate ligament prevents:
(A) Anterior tibial translation
(B) Posterior tibial translation
(C) Varus stress
(D) Valgus stress
29. Which muscle acts as a dynamic stabilizer of the knee during running?
(A) Gastrocnemius
(B) Iliotibial band (via TFL)
(C) Vastus lateralis
(D) Soleus
30. The normal ankle dorsiflexion range is:
(A) 5°
(B) 10°–20°
(C) 30°–40°
(D) 50°
31. The knee joint is classified as a:
(A) Hinge joint
(B) Pivot joint
(C) Modified hinge joint
(D) Saddle joint
32. Which muscle eccentrically controls foot strike during gait?
(A) Soleus
(B) Gastrocnemius
(C) Tibialis anterior
(D) Peroneus longus
33. Which ligament provides lateral ankle stability?
(A) Deltoid ligament
(B) Anterior talofibular ligament
(C) Posterior cruciate ligament
(D) Patellar ligament
34. The hip joint capsule is reinforced by which ligament?
(A) Pubofemoral
(B) Ischiofemoral
(C) Iliofemoral
(D) All of the above
35. Which axis governs hip internal/external rotation?
(A) Vertical
(B) Anteroposterior
(C) Mediolateral
(D) Oblique
36. During gait, toe-off involves which motion at the ankle?
(A) Dorsiflexion
(B) Plantarflexion
(C) Inversion
(D) Eversion
37. Which muscle prevents pelvic drop on the opposite side during stance phase?
(A) Gluteus maximus
(B) Gluteus medius
(C) Rectus femoris
(D) Sartorius
38. Knee hyperextension is prevented by:
(A) ACL
(B) PCL
(C) MCL
(D) LCL
39. Which plane governs hip abduction/adduction?
(A) Sagittal
(B) Frontal
(C) Transverse
(D) Oblique
40. Which joint contributes most to inversion/eversion of the foot?
(A) Talocrural
(B) Subtalar
(C) Tarsometatarsal
(D) Metatarsophalangeal
41. Which muscle unlocks the knee at the start of flexion?
(A) Gastrocnemius
(B) Soleus
(C) Popliteus
(D) Hamstrings
42. The plantar fascia is important for:
(A) Knee stability
(B) Hip rotation
(C) Arch support
(D) Ankle dorsiflexion
43. The iliotibial band inserts at the:
(A) Tibial tuberosity
(B) Gerdy’s tubercle
(C) Patella
(D) Medial tibial condyle
44. Which axis governs ankle inversion/eversion?
(A) Vertical
(B) Oblique
(C) Mediolateral
(D) Anteroposterior
45. The medial meniscus is more prone to injury because it is:
(A) Mobile
(B) Fixed to the MCL
(C) Larger
(D) Smaller
46. Which hip ligament is known as the “Y ligament of Bigelow”?
(A) Ischiofemoral
(B) Pubofemoral
(C) Iliofemoral
(D) Ligamentum teres
47. Which movement is most restricted in hip osteoarthritis?
(A) Flexion
(B) Extension
(C) Internal rotation
(D) Abduction
48. During gait, heel strike involves which ankle motion?
(A) Plantarflexion
(B) Dorsiflexion
(C) Inversion
(D) Supination
49. Which muscle acts as the prime mover of hip abduction?
(A) Gluteus maximus
(B) Gluteus medius
(C) Tensor fascia latae
(D) Sartorius
50. Which ligament prevents excessive eversion of the ankle?
(A) Deltoid ligament
(B) ATFL
(C) CFL
(D) PCL