1. Ergonomics primarily aims to:
(A) Increase equipment cost
(B) Fit the job to the worker
(C) Eliminate physical activity
(D) Reduce body strength
2. Which body region is most at risk during improper lifting?
(A) Shoulders
(B) Spine (lower back)
(C) Elbows
(D) Neck
3. The safest lifting posture is:
(A) Bending from the waist
(B) Squatting with knees bent and back straight
(C) Twisting while lifting
(D) Leaning sideways
4. Lifting capacity is greatest when the load is:
(A) Close to the body
(B) Far from the body
(C) Above head level
(D) Below knee level
5. The main risk factor for back injury during lifting is:
(A) Load distance from body
(B) Load color
(C) Load temperature
(D) Load packaging
6. According to ergonomics, the best lifting technique avoids:
(A) Using both hands
(B) Sudden jerky movements
(C) Bending knees
(D) Keeping back straight
7. Which law of motion explains lifting difficulties with heavy loads?
(A) Newton’s first law
(B) Newton’s second law
(C) Newton’s third law
(D) Pascal’s law
8. Twisting while lifting primarily increases strain on the:
(A) Elbow
(B) Knee
(C) Lumbar spine
(D) Wrist
9. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) lifting equation helps:
(A) Measure oxygen use
(B) Estimate safe lifting limits
(C) Design packaging
(D) Assess vision strain
10. Which muscle group provides stability during lifting?
(A) Quadriceps
(B) Rotator cuff
(C) Core muscles
(D) Wrist flexors
11. Which factor reduces spinal compression during lifting?
(A) Holding load farther away
(B) Bending knees and hips
(C) Twisting trunk
(D) Lifting quickly
12. Repetitive heavy lifting may cause:
(A) Cardiovascular disease
(B) Musculoskeletal disorders
(C) Diabetes
(D) Skin infections
13. The lever arm principle in lifting shows that:
(A) Longer distance increases torque
(B) Shorter distance increases torque
(C) Torque is unaffected by distance
(D) Torque depends only on weight
14. Which position reduces the risk of disc injury during lifting?
(A) Neutral spine
(B) Flexed spine
(C) Hyperextended spine
(D) Twisted spine
15. Maximum recommended lifting occurs when load is between:
(A) Floor and knee level
(B) Knee and shoulder level
(C) Shoulder and head level
(D) Overhead
16. The term “ergonomics” is derived from:
(A) Latin
(B) Greek
(C) French
(D) German
17. A frequent cause of workplace lifting injury is:
(A) Proper posture
(B) Sudden twisting
(C) Gradual bending
(D) Stretching before lifting
18. In ergonomics, “neutral posture” means:
(A) Relaxed muscles with natural joint alignment
(B) Rigid joints and muscles
(C) Twisted trunk and bent knees
(D) Slouched posture
19. Which lifting strategy reduces energy cost?
(A) Using momentum of the load
(B) Keeping load close and stable
(C) Twisting trunk
(D) Holding load at arm’s length
20. Lifting risk is increased when:
(A) Load is compact
(B) Load is asymmetrical
(C) Load has handles
(D) Load is close to waist height
21. Which lifting technique is most dangerous?
(A) Team lifting
(B) Stoop lifting (waist bending)
(C) Squat lifting
(D) Semi-squat lifting
22. Which muscle group is heavily engaged in squat lifting?
(A) Deltoids
(B) Quadriceps and gluteals
(C) Biceps
(D) Triceps
23. Ergonomic lifting aids include:
(A) Lifting belts, hoists, trolleys
(B) Gloves only
(C) Helmets only
(D) Running shoes
24. A lifting belt primarily supports:
(A) Knee
(B) Wrist
(C) Lumbar spine
(D) Shoulder
25. Lifting with a rounded back increases:
(A) Efficiency
(B) Disc pressure
(C) Muscle strength
(D) Load balance
26. Which ergonomic principle prevents fatigue during repetitive lifting?
(A) Use of maximum effort
(B) Alternating tasks and rest breaks
(C) Continuous heavy load lifting
(D) Lifting with one arm
27. A load’s center of gravity should be kept:
(A) Away from the body
(B) Close to the body
(C) Above shoulder level
(D) Below knee level
28. Which of the following is a poor lifting practice?
(A) Firm footing
(B) Twisting torso
(C) Balanced grip
(D) Smooth lifting motion
29. In biomechanics, lifting is safer when:
(A) Moment arm is small
(B) Moment arm is large
(C) Torque is maximized
(D) Spine is flexed
30. Which factor contributes most to overexertion injuries?
(A) Heavy loads and poor posture
(B) Proper lifting technique
(C) Mechanical lifting devices
(D) Adequate training
31. The main ergonomic consideration in workplace design is:
(A) Worker strength
(B) Worker comfort and safety
(C) Color of tools
(D) Weight of uniform
32. Which is an engineering control for safe lifting?
(A) Worker training
(B) Mechanical lifting devices
(C) Stretching exercises
(D) Team coordination
33. During lifting, most compressive forces act on the:
(A) Cervical spine
(B) Lumbar spine
(C) Thoracic spine
(D) Sacrum
34. A wide base of support during lifting provides:
(A) Reduced stability
(B) Increased stability
(C) Less grip strength
(D) Increased load
35. Ergonomic interventions aim to reduce:
(A) Productivity
(B) Workplace injuries
(C) Communication
(D) Motivation
36. The best way to lift a load from the floor is:
(A) Keep knees straight, bend at waist
(B) Squat down, keep back straight
(C) Twist body and bend
(D) Pull with one hand
37. Which is a common ergonomic hazard in lifting tasks?
(A) Awkward postures
(B) High repetition
(C) Excessive force
(D) All of the above
38. Which muscle group provides trunk stability while lifting?
(A) Abdominal and spinal extensors
(B) Biceps and triceps
(C) Quadriceps and hamstrings
(D) Gluteals and calves
39. Which lifting factor increases torque on the spine?
(A) Load close to body
(B) Load far from body
(C) Symmetrical lifting
(D) Neutral spine posture
40. Lifting risk increases with:
(A) Team lifting
(B) Lifting while fatigued
(C) Short load distances
(D) Neutral spine
41. Ergonomics in lifting reduces:
(A) Energy efficiency
(B) Musculoskeletal disorders
(C) Safety awareness
(D) Work speed
42. Which is a biomechanical advantage of team lifting?
(A) Reduced load per person
(B) Increased torque on spine
(C) Higher disc compression
(D) Increased awkward posture
43. Lifting objects above head level increases strain on:
(A) Shoulder and spine
(B) Elbow
(C) Wrist only
(D) Foot muscles
44. Which is NOT recommended in safe lifting?
(A) Planning the lift
(B) Keeping load close
(C) Twisting while carrying
(D) Using both hands
45. Sudden lifting of heavy loads mainly risks:
(A) Ligament sprains
(B) Muscle tears and disc injury
(C) Bone fractures
(D) Skin abrasions
46. The ergonomic principle of “power zone” refers to lifting:
(A) Between shoulders and knees
(B) Above the head
(C) Below the knees
(D) At arm’s length
47. Which factor reduces fatigue in repetitive lifting tasks?
(A) Proper body mechanics
(B) Mechanical aids
(C) Task rotation
(D) All of the above
48. Lifting with the spine flexed and rotated causes:
(A) Maximum spinal stress
(B) Neutral posture
(C) Balanced torque
(D) Reduced disc pressure
49. Ergonomics is also known as:
(A) Human factors engineering
(B) Bioengineering only
(C) Physics of tools
(D) Industrial marketing
50. Which of the following is the first step in safe lifting?
(A) Pulling quickly
(B) Planning and assessing the load
(C) Twisting body to get grip
(D) Using only one arm