1. Kinetics in biomechanics primarily deals with:
(A) Description of motion
(B) Forces causing motion
(C) Joint range of motion
(D) Muscle endurance
2. Which of the following is NOT a kinetic variable?
(A) Force
(B) Torque
(C) Mass
(D) Velocity
3. The SI unit of force is:
(A) Joule
(B) Watt
(C) Newton
(D) Pascal
4. Torque is defined as:
(A) Force × Time
(B) Force × Distance
(C) Force × Velocity
(D) Force ÷ Area
5. Which of the following is a contact force?
(A) Gravity
(B) Friction
(C) Magnetism
(D) Electric force
6. Ground reaction force (GRF) is an example of:
(A) Internal force
(B) External force
(C) Passive force
(D) Elastic force
7. Muscular force acting within the body is classified as:
(A) Internal force
(B) External force
(C) Gravitational force
(D) Frictional force
8. Which of the following is an example of non-contact force?
(A) Friction
(B) Gravity
(C) Tension
(D) Muscle contraction
9. The turning effect of force about an axis is called:
(A) Inertia
(B) Torque
(C) Momentum
(D) Impulse
10. The resistance of a body to change in motion is called:
(A) Work
(B) Power
(C) Inertia
(D) Momentum
11. Newton’s second law explains the relationship between:
(A) Force and mass
(B) Force, mass, and acceleration
(C) Mass and inertia
(D) Velocity and displacement
12. Which of the following increases torque production?
(A) Reducing moment arm
(B) Increasing moment arm
(C) Decreasing force
(D) Minimizing lever arm
13. Joint reaction forces are classified as:
(A) External forces
(B) Internal forces
(C) Frictional forces
(D) Contact forces only
14. Which physical law is the basis of kinetics?
(A) Boyle’s law
(B) Hooke’s law
(C) Newton’s laws of motion
(D) Pascal’s law
15. Impulse is mathematically equal to:
(A) Force × Time
(B) Mass × Velocity
(C) Torque × Distance
(D) Work ÷ Time
16. The tendency of an object to continue rotating unless acted upon is:
(A) Linear momentum
(B) Angular inertia
(C) Rotational equilibrium
(D) Center of mass
17. Which of the following best describes kinetics?
(A) Study of velocity and acceleration
(B) Study of forces and their effects on motion
(C) Study of anatomical planes
(D) Study of muscular contraction only
18. Which of these forces stabilizes the body against gravity?
(A) Friction
(B) Ground reaction force
(C) Joint force
(D) All of the above
19. Which instrument is commonly used to measure external forces in biomechanics?
(A) Goniometer
(B) Force plate
(C) EMG
(D) Dynamometer
20. Friction force always acts:
(A) In the direction of motion
(B) Opposite to motion
(C) Perpendicular to motion
(D) Randomly
21. The unit of torque is:
(A) N·m
(B) J
(C) W
(D) N/s
22. A lever system in the body operates based on:
(A) Torque balance
(B) Muscle contraction only
(C) Energy conservation
(D) Friction minimization
23. Which factor does NOT affect torque?
(A) Magnitude of force
(B) Angle of application
(C) Distance from axis
(D) Color of object
24. Static equilibrium occurs when:
(A) Net force = 0 and net torque = 0
(B) Net force = 0 but torque ≠ 0
(C) Net torque = 0 but force ≠ 0
(D) Both force and torque are maximum
25. The resistance force against which muscles act is called:
(A) Effort
(B) Load
(C) Torque
(D) Momentum
26. When a sprinter pushes against the ground, the ground pushes back due to:
(A) Newton’s first law
(B) Newton’s second law
(C) Newton’s third law
(D) Hooke’s law
27. The study of energy transfer during force application is called:
(A) Kinematics
(B) Dynamics
(C) Kinetics
(D) Thermodynamics
28. An example of internal torque in the body is:
(A) Gravity pulling downward
(B) Muscle contraction around a joint
(C) Friction between shoe and ground
(D) Wind resistance
29. Which factor increases stability?
(A) Higher center of gravity
(B) Smaller base of support
(C) Wider base of support
(D) Lowering friction
30. Which of the following is a vector quantity?
(A) Mass
(B) Speed
(C) Force
(D) Work
31. The sum of all forces acting on a body is known as:
(A) Net force
(B) Moment
(C) Impulse
(D) Momentum
32. Which component of force is responsible for rotation?
(A) Parallel component
(B) Perpendicular component
(C) Tangential component
(D) Frictional component
33. Which law explains inertia?
(A) First law of Newton
(B) Second law of Newton
(C) Third law of Newton
(D) Hooke’s law
34. A force applied away from the axis of rotation produces:
(A) Greater torque
(B) Less torque
(C) No torque
(D) Constant torque
35. Which is the most common force acting on the human body?
(A) Friction
(B) Gravity
(C) Ground reaction
(D) Inertia
36. The point of application of gravitational force is called:
(A) Base of support
(B) Center of pressure
(C) Center of gravity
(D) Axis of rotation
37. In biomechanics, load includes:
(A) Body weight only
(B) External resistance
(C) Joint forces
(D) All of the above
38. Friction depends on:
(A) Surface roughness
(B) Normal force
(C) Both A and B
(D) Neither A nor B
39. An eccentric force tends to produce:
(A) Translation only
(B) Rotation only
(C) Both rotation and translation
(D) No motion
40. The mechanical advantage of a lever depends on:
(A) Muscle strength
(B) Lever arm length
(C) Friction
(D) Joint type
41. When two equal forces act in opposite directions but not in the same line, they create:
(A) Resultant force
(B) Torque
(C) Moment couple
(D) Impulse
42. The study of kinetics in human body helps in:
(A) Designing assistive devices
(B) Injury prevention
(C) Sports performance improvement
(D) All of the above
43. Pressure is defined as:
(A) Force ÷ Area
(B) Force × Distance
(C) Force × Time
(D) Force ÷ Mass
44. Which unit represents impulse?
(A) N·s
(B) J
(C) W
(D) m/s
45. A push or pull acting on a body is called:
(A) Work
(B) Force
(C) Power
(D) Energy
46. Which condition describes dynamic equilibrium?
(A) Net force = 0, body at rest
(B) Net force = 0, body moving at constant velocity
(C) Net torque = 0, no rotation
(D) Net force and torque both = maximum
47. The perpendicular distance between force line of action and axis of rotation is:
(A) Lever arm
(B) Load arm
(C) Resistance arm
(D) Friction line
48. The opposing force during sliding motion is:
(A) Rolling friction
(B) Static friction
(C) Sliding friction
(D) Dynamic resistance
49. The product of mass and velocity is:
(A) Impulse
(B) Momentum
(C) Torque
(D) Work
50. Which best explains the difference between kinematics and kinetics?
(A) Kinematics = how movement occurs; Kinetics = why movement occurs
(B) Kinematics = why movement occurs; Kinetics = how movement occurs
(C) Both study only displacement
(D) Both are identical