- Which type of immunity is provided by antibodies in the blood?
- A) Cell-mediated immunity
- B) Humoral immunity
- C) Innate immunity
- D) Passive immunity
- Answer: B) Humoral immunity
- Which cells are primarily responsible for the production of antibodies?
- A) T cells
- B) B cells
- C) Macrophages
- D) Dendritic cells
- Answer: B) B cells
- What is the primary function of helper T cells?
- A) Destroy infected cells
- B) Produce antibodies
- C) Activate other immune cells
- D) Phagocytize pathogens
- Answer: C) Activate other immune cells
- Which of the following is an example of a primary lymphoid organ?
- A) Spleen
- B) Lymph node
- C) Bone marrow
- D) Tonsil
- Answer: C) Bone marrow
- Which cytokine is commonly known for its role in fever and inflammation?
- A) Interleukin-1 (IL-1)
- B) Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)
- C) Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)
- D) Interleukin-6 (IL-6)
- Answer: A) Interleukin-1 (IL-1)
- Which type of T cell is responsible for killing infected cells?
- A) Helper T cells
- B) Cytotoxic T cells
- C) Regulatory T cells
- D) Memory T cells
- Answer: B) Cytotoxic T cells
- Which molecule presents antigens to T cells?
- A) Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
- B) Immunoglobulin
- C) Complement protein
- D) Cytokine
- Answer: A) Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
- Which type of hypersensitivity reaction involves IgE antibodies?
- A) Type I hypersensitivity
- B) Type II hypersensitivity
- C) Type III hypersensitivity
- D) Type IV hypersensitivity
- Answer: A) Type I hypersensitivity
- Which class of immunoglobulins is the first to be produced in response to an infection?
- A) IgA
- B) IgD
- C) IgG
- D) IgM
- Answer: D) IgM
- Which type of immunity is acquired through vaccination?
- A) Natural active immunity
- B) Natural passive immunity
- C) Artificial active immunity
- D) Artificial passive immunity
- Answer: C) Artificial active immunity
- What is the primary role of regulatory T cells?
- A) To destroy pathogens
- B) To activate B cells
- C) To suppress immune responses
- D) To produce antibodies
- Answer: C) To suppress immune responses
- Which immune cells are involved in the innate immune response?
- A) B cells and T cells
- B) Macrophages and neutrophils
- C) Dendritic cells and plasma cells
- D) Helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells
- Answer: B) Macrophages and neutrophils
- Which molecule is involved in the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)?
- A) Toll-like receptors (TLRs)
- B) Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
- C) Immunoglobulins
- D) Complement proteins
- Answer: A) Toll-like receptors (TLRs)
- Which type of antibody is found predominantly in mucosal areas such as the gut?
- A) IgG
- B) IgA
- C) IgM
- D) IgE
- Answer: B) IgA
- Which immune response involves the production of memory cells?
- A) Primary immune response
- B) Secondary immune response
- C) Innate immune response
- D) Immediate hypersensitivity response
- Answer: B) Secondary immune response
- Which type of cell is involved in antigen processing and presentation?
- A) B cells
- B) Cytotoxic T cells
- C) Dendritic cells
- D) Plasma cells
- Answer: C) Dendritic cells
- Which component of the immune system is primarily responsible for the clearance of pathogens from the blood?
- A) Spleen
- B) Lymph nodes
- C) Thymus
- D) Bone marrow
- Answer: A) Spleen
- Which of the following cytokines is known for its antiviral activity?
- A) Interferon-alpha (IFN-α)
- B) Tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-β)
- C) Interleukin-10 (IL-10)
- D) Interleukin-2 (IL-2)
- Answer: A) Interferon-alpha (IFN-α)
- Which type of immune cell is involved in the direct killing of cancer cells?
- A) Helper T cells
- B) Cytotoxic T cells
- C) B cells
- D) Natural killer (NK) cells
- Answer: D) Natural killer (NK) cells
- Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by immune complexes?
- A) Type I hypersensitivity
- B) Type II hypersensitivity
- C) Type III hypersensitivity
- D) Type IV hypersensitivity
- Answer: C) Type III hypersensitivity
- Which organ is primarily responsible for the maturation of T cells?
- A) Bone marrow
- B) Spleen
- C) Thymus
- D) Lymph nodes
- Answer: C) Thymus
- Which class of immunoglobulins is known for its ability to cross the placenta?
- A) IgA
- B) IgD
- C) IgE
- D) IgG
- Answer: D) IgG
- Which immune cells are the first responders to infection and are often associated with acute inflammation?
- A) Macrophages
- B) Neutrophils
- C) B cells
- D) T cells
- Answer: B) Neutrophils
- Which type of immunity involves the transfer of antibodies from mother to infant through breast milk?
- A) Natural active immunity
- B) Natural passive immunity
- C) Artificial active immunity
- D) Artificial passive immunity
- Answer: B) Natural passive immunity
- Which type of T cell regulates immune responses and prevents autoimmunity?
- A) Helper T cells
- B) Cytotoxic T cells
- C) Regulatory T cells
- D) Memory T cells
- Answer: C) Regulatory T cells
- Which type of immune response is enhanced by vaccination?
- A) Innate immune response
- B) Secondary immune response
- C) Immediate hypersensitivity response
- D) Acute phase response
- Answer: B) Secondary immune response
- Which type of cell is responsible for phagocytosis of pathogens in the immune system?
- A) B cells
- B) Helper T cells
- C) Macrophages
- D) Plasma cells
- Answer: C) Macrophages
- Which of the following is a hallmark of autoimmune diseases?
- A) Immune tolerance to self-antigens
- B) Overproduction of antibodies
- C) Immune response against self-antigens
- D) Deficiency in immune cell function
- Answer: C) Immune response against self-antigens
- Which type of cell is responsible for the immediate allergic reaction in Type I hypersensitivity?
- A) B cells
- B) Helper T cells
- C) Mast cells
- D) Cytotoxic T cells
- Answer: C) Mast cells
- Which cytokine is known for its role in the differentiation of T cells into Th1 or Th2 subsets?
- A) Interleukin-4 (IL-4)
- B) Interleukin-6 (IL-6)
- C) Interleukin-12 (IL-12)
- D) Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)
- Answer: C) Interleukin-12 (IL-12)
- Which of the following is a key function of antibodies?
- A) Antigen processing
- B) Pathogen phagocytosis
- C) Neutralization of toxins
- D) Activation of T cells
- Answer: C) Neutralization of toxins
- Which cell surface molecule is involved in antigen presentation to T cells?
- A) CD4
- B) CD8
- C) T cell receptor (TCR)
- D) Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
- Answer: D) Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
- Which of the following is a characteristic feature of anaphylaxis?
- A) Chronic inflammation
- B) Systemic vasodilation
- C) Delayed hypersensitivity
- D) Autoimmune response
- Answer: B) Systemic vasodilation
- Which of the following is a key characteristic of a memory cell?
- A) Short-lived
- B) High proliferation capacity
- C) Long-lived
- D) Immediate response
- Answer: C) Long-lived
- Which type of immune response is characterized by the activation of the complement system?
- A) Innate immune response
- B) Adaptive immune response
- C) Humoral immune response
- D) Cell-mediated immune response
- Answer: A) Innate immune response
- Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of innate immunity?
- A) Specificity for pathogens
- B) Rapid response
- C) Involvement of physical barriers
- D) Presence of phagocytic cells
- Answer: A) Specificity for pathogens
- Which immune cell type is most commonly associated with chronic inflammation?
- A) Neutrophils
- B) Eosinophils
- C) Monocytes/macrophages
- D) Basophils
- Answer: C) Monocytes/macrophages
- Which cytokine is involved in the activation of macrophages and is also known as a macrophage-activating factor?
- A) Interleukin-1 (IL-1)
- B) Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)
- C) Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)
- D) Interleukin-10 (IL-10)
- Answer: B) Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)
- Which of the following is a primary function of complement proteins?
- A) Antigen recognition
- B) Antibody production
- C) Pathogen lysis
- D) Cytokine secretion
- Answer: C) Pathogen lysis
- Which type of cell is involved in the initial detection of pathogens and the activation of the adaptive immune response?
- A) T cells
- B) B cells
- C) Dendritic cells
- D) Plasma cells
- Answer: C) Dendritic cells
- Which of the following is a characteristic of Type IV hypersensitivity?
- A) Immediate response
- B) Mediated by IgE
- C) Delayed response
- D) Involves immune complexes
- Answer: C) Delayed response
- Which of the following immune cells produces cytokines that promote the differentiation of B cells into plasma cells?
- A) Helper T cells
- B) Cytotoxic T cells
- C) B cells
- D) Macrophages
- Answer: A) Helper T cells
- Which type of immune response is activated by the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)?
- A) Adaptive immune response
- B) Innate immune response
- C) Humoral immune response
- D) Cell-mediated immune response
- Answer: B) Innate immune response
- Which term describes the immune response that occurs when the body mounts an immune reaction against its own tissues?
- A) Autoimmunity
- B) Hypersensitivity
- C) Immunodeficiency
- D) Alloimmunity
- Answer: A) Autoimmunity
- Which immune cells are involved in the destruction of parasites such as helminths?
- A) Neutrophils
- B) Eosinophils
- C) Basophils
- D) Macrophages
- Answer: B) Eosinophils
- Which process describes the ability of antibodies to enhance the phagocytosis of pathogens?
- A) Opsonization
- B) Neutralization
- C) Complement activation
- D) Agglutination
- Answer: A) Opsonization
- Which of the following is NOT a component of the complement system?
- A) Complement proteins
- B) Antibodies
- C) Phagocytes
- D) Cytokines
- Answer: D) Cytokines
- Which type of T cell is responsible for providing help to B cells in antibody production?
- A) Helper T cells
- B) Cytotoxic T cells
- C) Regulatory T cells
- D) Memory T cells
- Answer: A) Helper T cells
- Which type of immunity is characterized by the use of monoclonal antibodies for treatment?
- A) Natural active immunity
- B) Natural passive immunity
- C) Artificial active immunity
- D) Artificial passive immunity
- Answer: D) Artificial passive immunity
- Which term describes the immune system’s ability to distinguish between self and non-self?
- A) Immune tolerance
- B) Immune surveillance
- C) Immune specificity
- D) Immune memory
- Answer: C) Immune specificity
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